Reddit: A novel data source for cultural ecosystem service studies

Fox, Nathan; Graham, Laura J.; Eigenbrod, Felix; Bullock, James M.; Parks, Katherine E.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101331

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…The specificity of information that can be elicited from qualitative content of social media depends on what and how the content is analyzed. Multiple studies have used images posted on photo-sharing social media platforms (e.g., Flickr and Instagram) to investigate parks and landscape experiences ( Callau, Albert, Rota, & Giné, 2019 ; P. Chang and Olafsson, 2022 , Conti and Lexhagen, 2020 ), preferred features ( Pickering, Walden-Schreiner, Barros, & Rossi, 2020 ), and perceived ecosystem services ( Alieva et al, 2021 , Fox et al, 2021 , Gosal and Ziv, 2020 , Rossi et al, 2020 , Yoshimura and Hiura, 2017 ). Although the approach can reveal certain places and features that are valued by visitors, photo-sharing social media is limited in further information about specific subjective values ( Schrammeijer, van Zanten, & Verburg, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring public values through Twitter data associated with urban parks pre- and post- COVID-19

Huang

Floyd

Tateosian

et al. 2022

Landscape and Urban Planning

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring public values through Twitter data associated with urban parks pre- and post- COVID-19

Huang

Floyd

Tateosian

et al. 2022

Landscape and Urban Planning

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“…The use of social media data may be subject to biases introduced by user groups (Langemeyer et al, 2018). Users of different social media sites have different motivations for uploading posts (Fox et al, 2021b), while education, gender, age and access to technology can also influence who is posting geotagged images (Clemente et al, 2019). Though different sites have different user groups and motivations for use, this study, as with the many studies that also only use one website, only reflect the opinions of one group of people (Wilkins et al, 2021).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Here, social media datasets, such as those from Flickr, Twitter, and Reddit, are an invaluable resource, due to their high spatiotemporal resolution and the relative ease with which they can be obtained (Fox et al, 2020a). In particular, social media datasets are effective at assessing a range of cultural ecosystem services including aesthetic appeal (Figueroa-Alfaro and Tang, 2017;Van Berkel et al, 2018;Johnson et al, 2019); recreational activities (Mancini et al, 2018;Graham and Eigenbrod, 2019;Fox et al, 2021a); spiritual and religious beliefs (Thiagarajah et al, 2015;Fox et al, 2021b); and identifying trends in geoeducation and geoconservation at tourist attractions (Németh et al, 2021b). However, not all social media posts are related to CES, for example, posts may not pertain to interactions with nature (e.g., photographs of food, text posts about a film), and where posts are about interactions with nature, they may not reflect a positive relationship (e.g., a picture of a fallen tree accompanied text post about damage from a flood).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Landscape Aesthetics Using a Novel Viewshed Assessment of Social Media Locations Within the Troodos UNESCO Global Geopark, Cyprus

Fox

Chamberlain

Lindquist

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Globally, geodiversity and the associated ecosystem services it provides, are both under threat from anthropogenic pressures and environmental changes. The UNESCO Global Geoparks Programme was established to create protected areas that not only preserve geodiversity but enhance human wellbeing and cultural heritage. Understanding the role geodiversity plays in providing such ecosystem services is necessary for providing holistic conservation priorities that ensure their sustainable use. Studies have extensively used social media data to assess cultural ecosystem services, however, the photographic viewable area, which demonstrates scenic or areas of interest, has been scarcely evaluated. Studies often take crude measurements of viewsheds rather than isolating viewed content. Here, we gather georeferenced images taken inside geopark boundaries from the social media website Flickr as a proxy for aesthetically pleasing viewpoints. To understand what landscape characteristics are visible from these viewpoints we calculate viewshed analysis following the novel visual magnitude approach. The use of magnitude viewshed provides a metric for visual relevancy compared to traditional viewshed approaches that only provide a binary metric representing visible or non-visible. Here, we find that the use of the visual magnitude methodology provides richer information about what is visible than from traditional viewshed analysis. We find that aesthetically appreciated views as inferred by social media within the Troodos Geopark, Cyprus, do not only include natural features such as forest and water but are often related to geodiversity and anthropogenically altered landscapes such as mineral extraction sites and vineyards, for which the geopark is known. These results can help to inform geoconservation practices with the goal of sustainable access and enjoyment of aesthetic services.

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“…These have predominantly used data from Flickr (e.g. Graham & Eigenbrod, 2019; Lee et al, 2019; Mancini et al, 2019), as well as other platforms such as Reddit (Fox et al, 2021), Instagram (Grzyb et al, 2021) and Twitter (Tenkanen et al, 2017). Social media data has, for example, been used for studying drivers of outdoor recreation (Graham & Eigenbrod, 2019) and for understanding visitation patterns to national parks and protected areas (Wilkins et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%