2021
DOI: 10.1103/physreva.103.042818
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Redefined vacuum approach and gauge-invariant subsets in two-photon-exchange diagrams for a closed-shell system with a valence electron

Abstract: The two-photon-exchange diagrams for atoms with single valence electron are investigated. Calculation formulas are derived for an arbitrary state within the rigorous bound-state QED framework utilizing the redefined vacuum formalism. In contrast to other methods, the redefined vacuum approach enables the identification of eight gauge-invariant subsets and, thus, efficiently check the consistency of the obtained results. The gauge invariance of found subsets is demonstrated both analytically (for an arbitrary s… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…Figure 1b. Here one should notice, that this contribution differs by the minus sign from the valence-electron case [43]. It comes from the overall minus sign for the hole states case, see Equation (33).…”
Section: First-order Contributionsmentioning
confidence: 89%
See 4 more Smart Citations
“…Figure 1b. Here one should notice, that this contribution differs by the minus sign from the valence-electron case [43]. It comes from the overall minus sign for the hole states case, see Equation (33).…”
Section: First-order Contributionsmentioning
confidence: 89%
“…It means that the screened radiative contributions obtained as a difference between the redefined and the standard vacuum expressions also form the same gauge-invariant subsets. Explicit proof of this statement has been performed for the two-photon-exchange subsets in the case of one-valence-electron in Reference [43].…”
Section: Screened Radiative Correctionsmentioning
confidence: 91%
See 3 more Smart Citations