Redefinition of the Feline Urologic Syndrome:

Osborne, Carl A.; Johnston, Gary R.; Polzin, David J.; Kruger, John M.; Poffenbarger, Ellen M.; Bell, Ford W.; Feeney, Daniel A.; Goyal, Sagar M.; Fletcher, Thomas F.; Newman, Jessica

doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(84)50051-5

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although terms such as “feline urological syndrome,” 9 “feline lower urinary tract disease,” 10 and “feline interstitial cystitis” 11 fairly accurately capture the currently recognized diagnostic criteria for LUT disorders, they no longer seem to capture the extent of the problems occurring in many cats. These terms all focus on the LUT, reflecting the prominent presenting signs and LUT‐focused diagnostic testing rather than a thorough evaluation of the entire cat.…”

Section: Nosologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic Cystitis in Domestic Cats—Beyond the Lower Urinary Tract

Buffington

2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

113

102

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Signs of lower urinary tract (LUT) disease in domestic cats can be acute or chronic, and can result from variable combinations of abnormalities within the lumen of the LUT, the parenchyma of the LUT itself, or other organ system(s) that then lead to LUT dysfunction. In the majority of cats with chronic signs of LUT dysfunction, no specific underlying cause can be confirmed after standard clinical evaluation of the LUT, so these cats typically are classified as having idiopathic cystitis. A syndrome in human beings commonly known as interstitial cystitis (IC) shares many features in common with these cats, permitting comparisons between the two species. A wide range of similarities in abnormalities has been identified between these syndromes outside as well as inside the LUT. A variety of potential familial and developmental risk factors also have been identified. These results have permitted generation of the hypothesis that some of these people have a disorder affecting the LUT rather than a disorder of the LUT. This perspective has suggested alternative diagnostic strategies and novel approaches to treatment, at least in cats. The purpose of this review is to summarize research investigations into the various abnormalities present in cats, to compare some of these findings with those identified in human beings, and to discuss how they might modify perceptions about the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cats with this disease.

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Section: Nosologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic Cystitis in Domestic Cats—Beyond the Lower Urinary Tract

Buffington

2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

113

102

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“…While Lawler et al 1 did not distinguish between obstructive versus non‐obstructive lower urinary tract disease, they found similar incidence rates (0.34–0.55, 0.6, and 0.64%) 1 per year. There have been manuscripts discussing the risk factors, frequency, diet, treatment, emergency stabilization, and management of feline lower urinary tract disease; 9–26 however, there has never been an investigation of the prevalence of electrolyte and blood gas changes in a consecutive population of male cats with urethral obstruction. Evaluating a representative population provides a more balanced characterization of the clinical characteristics and metabolic changes that occur with such a dynamic disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the clinical characteristics, electrolytes, acid–base, and renal parameters in male cats with urethral obstruction

Lee

Drobatz

2003

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

101

109

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Objective: To characterize the clinical characteristics, electrolyte changes, acid-base changes, and renal parameters in a consecutive population of cats with urethral obstruction. Design: Retrospective clinical study. Setting: University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Animals: Two hundred and twenty-three male cats that presented consecutively with urethral obstruction between 1997 and 1999. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: The medical records of 223 cats with urethral obstruction were reviewed for signalment, previous medical history, indoor/outdoor status, body weight, clinical signs, physical examination findings, renal function tests (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), and blood gas and electrolyte analysis. The majority of cats were relatively stable without serious metabolic derangements. Only 12% (24/199) of cats had severe hyperkalemia (48.0 mmol/L). Hyperkalemia did not occur in isolation; the majority of these cats had concurrent acidemia and low ionized calcium concentrations. Potassium was significantly inversely correlated with pH, bicarbonate, pCO 2 , sodium, chloride, and ionized calcium, but positively correlated with blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Ionized calcium was positively correlated with pH and bicarbonate. Of the animals with a potassium concentration greater than 8.0 mmol/L, 75% (18/24) had an ionized calcium concentration of less than 1.0 mmol/L. Seventy-nine percent (19/24) of cats with a potassium concentration greater than 8.0 mmol/L had a blood pHo7.20. Similarly, 74% (23/31) of cats with a pHo7.20 had an ionized calcium concentration o1.00 mmol/L. Conclusions: The majority of cats with urethral obstruction presented with mild electrolyte and blood gas changes and were relatively stable, although 12% of cats had multiple, life-threatening metabolic derangements. Of 219 cats in this study, 205 (93.6%), where it could be determined, survived to discharge from the hospital, supporting the fact that most cats with urethral obstruction survive the acute episode with emergency treatment. (J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2003; 13(4): 227-233)

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“…In 1984, we recommended that the terminology of FUS be substituted with refined diagnostic terms pertaining to sites (eg, urethral, bladder), causes (eg, anatomic abnormalities; urolithiasis; bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections; neoplasia; metabolic disturbances), morphologic changes (eg, inflammation, neoplasia), and pathophysiologic mechanisms (eg, obstructive uropathy, reflex dyssynergia). 10 If the underlying cause could not be identified after appropriate evaluation of cats with LUTD, we suggested that the term idiopathic LUTD be used, with the clear understanding that not all cases of idiopathic LUTD have the same primary cause.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%