Redescription and molecular phylogeny of the type species for two main metopid genera, Metopus es (Müller, 1776) Lauterborn, 1916 and Brachonella contorta (Levander, 1894) Jankowski, 1964 (Metopida, Ciliophora), based on broad geographic sampling

Bourland, William A.; Rotterová, Johana; Čepička, Ivan

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2016.11.002

Cited by 30 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…With the newly obtained 18S rRNA gene sequences for M. yantaiensis and M. hasei , our analysis clearly shows that the class Armophorea is monophyletic ( p ‐value = 0.329), while the genus Metopus is nonmonophyletic, which is consistent with Bourland et al. (, ) and da Silva‐Neto et al. ().…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Morphology and Phylogeny of the Soil Ciliate Metopus yantaiensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Metopida), with Identification of the Intracellular Bacteria

Omar

Zhang

Zou

et al. 2017

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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The morphology and infraciliature of a new ciliate, Metopus yantaiensis n. sp., discovered in coastal soil of northern China, were investigated. It is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following features: nuclear apparatus situated in the preoral dome; 18-21 somatic ciliary rows, of which three extend onto the preoral dome (dome kineties); three to five distinctly elongated caudal cilia, and 21-29 adoral polykinetids. The 18S rRNA genes of this new species and two congeners, Metopus contortus and Metopus hasei, were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. The new species is more closely related to M. hasei and the clevelandellids than to other congeners; both the genus Metopus and the order Metopida are not monophyletic. In addition, the digestion-resistant bacteria in the cytoplasm of M. yantaiensis were identified, using a 16S rRNA gene clone library, sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The detected intracellular bacteria are affiliated with Sphingomonadales, Rhizobiales, Rickettsiales (Alphaproteobacteria), Pseudomonas (Gammaproteobacteria), Rhodocyclales (Betaproteobacteria), Clostridiales (Firmicutes), and Flavobacteriales (Bacteroidetes).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…MEMBERS of the ciliate genus Metopus Claparède and Lachmann, 1858 are widely distributed in anaerobic and microaerobic freshwater, terrestrial, and marine habitats (Bourland and Wendell ; Bourland et al. , ; Corliss ; Da Silva‐Neto et al. ; Jankowski ,b; Lynn ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Phylogeny of the Soil Ciliate Metopus yantaiensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Metopida), with Identification of the Intracellular Bacteria

Omar

Zhang

Zou

et al. 2017

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…Specifically, the species rich genus Metopus is nonmonophyletic and the family Metopidae is consistently depicted as paraphyletic encompassing the monophyletic order Clevelandellida (Bourland et al. , ,; Li et al. , ,; Lynn and Wright ; da Silva‐Neto et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposed Timescale for the Evolution of Armophorean Ciliates: Clevelandellids Diversify More Rapidly Than Metopids

Vďačný

Rajter

Stoeck

et al. 2018

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Members of the class Armophorea occur in microaerophilic and anaerobic habitats, including the digestive tract of invertebrates and vertebrates. Phylogenetic kinships of metopid and clevelandellid armophoreans conflict with traditional morphology-based classifications. To reconcile their relationships and understand their morphological evolution and diversification, we utilized the molecular clock theory as well as information contained in the estimated time trees and morphology of extant taxa. The radiation of the last common ancestor of metopids and clevelandellids very likely occurred during the Paleozoic and crown diversification of the endosymbiotic clevelandellids dates back to the Mesozoic. According to diversification analyses, endosymbiotic clevelandellids have higher net diversification rates than predominantly free-living metopids. Their cladogenic success was very likely associated with sharply isolated ecological niches constituted by their hosts. Conflicts between traditional classifications and molecular phylogenies of metopids and clevelandellids very likely come from processes, leading to further diversification without extinction of ancestral lineages as well as from morphological plesiomorphies incorrectly classified as apomorphies. Our study thus suggests that diversification processes and reconstruction of ancestral morphologies improve the understanding of paraphyly which occurs in groups of organisms with an apparently long evolutionary history and when speciation prevails over extinction.

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“…The armophorid family Metopidae Kahl, 1927 is consistently depicted as paraphyletic since it includes the monophyletic order Clevelandellida. The "Metopidae + Clevelandellida" assemblage is very likely related to the class Litostomatea (Vďačný et al 2010;Lynn and Wright 2013;Paiva et al 2013;Bourland et al , 2017da Silva-Neto et al 2015;Li et al 2016Li et al , 2017. On the other hand, the armophorid family Caenomorphidae Poche, 1913 could be a sister group of the "Metopidae + Clevelandellida" cluster or, more likely, could have diverged at the base of the Spirotrichea or the Intramacronucleata (Paiva et al 2013).…”

Section: Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These elegant ciliates graze bacteria in anoxic or microaerophilic environments with the aid of an obliquely extending or spiralled adoral zone of polykinetids and a tongue-like paroral membrane (Foissner et al 1992(Foissner et al , 2002Esteban et al 1995;Foissner 1998). In spite of the wide distribution and ecological significance in oxygen-depleted environments (Saccà 2012, Hu 2014, Foissner 2016a, Tirjaková et al 2016, taxonomical and morphological research on metopids has been revived only recently (e.g., Bourland et al , 2017da Silva-Neto et al 2015;Foissner 2016b, c;Omar et al 2017;Vďačný and Foissner 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Huge Diversity of Metopids (Ciliophora, Armophorea) in Soil from the Murray River Floodplain, Australia. II. Morphology and Morphogenesis of Lepidometopus platycephalus nov. gen., nov. spec.

Vďačný

Foissner

2017

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Abstract. The morphology and morphogenesis of a new Australian metopid ciliate, Lepidometopus platycephalus nov. gen., nov. spec., were studied using live observation, various silver impregnation methods, scanning electron microscopy, and morphometry. The new genus is outstanding in having epicortical scales (lepidosomes) and a strongly flattened and distinctly projecting preoral dome. Diagnostic features of L. platycephalus include a small, reniform body carrying an elongated caudal cilium, about 11 ciliary rows, and an adoral zone composed of an average of 11 polykinetids. The morphogenesis of L. platycephalus matches data from other metopids in that (1) the body is drastically re-shaped, (2) the parental oral structures are reorganized but do not contribute to the daughter oral ciliature, (3) the opisthe's adoral polykinetids originate pleurotelokinetally, (4) the opisthe's paroral membrane is formed via re-arrangement of the posterior portion of the first two perizonal rows, and (5) the opisthe's perizonal stripe is made by three parental perizonal rows and two dorsolateral ciliary rows. The morphogenetic data corroborate phylogenetic analyses in that caenomorphids are only superficially similar to metopids; metopids and clevelandellids are closely related; and litostomateans are the best candidates for a sister group of the metopid-clevelandellid assemblage within the SAL superclade.

show abstract

Redescription and molecular phylogeny of the type species for two main metopid genera, Metopus es (Müller, 1776) Lauterborn, 1916 and Brachonella contorta (Levander, 1894) Jankowski, 1964 (Metopida, Ciliophora), based on broad geographic sampling

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Morphology and Phylogeny of the Soil Ciliate Metopus yantaiensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Metopida), with Identification of the Intracellular Bacteria

Morphology and Phylogeny of the Soil Ciliate Metopus yantaiensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Metopida), with Identification of the Intracellular Bacteria

A Proposed Timescale for the Evolution of Armophorean Ciliates: Clevelandellids Diversify More Rapidly Than Metopids

A Huge Diversity of Metopids (Ciliophora, Armophorea) in Soil from the Murray River Floodplain, Australia. II. Morphology and Morphogenesis of Lepidometopus platycephalus nov. gen., nov. spec.

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