Redescription and reassignment of the fossil wood <i>Menendoxylon piptadiensis</i> from the Pliocene Andalhuala Formation, South America

Moya, Eliana; Brea, Mariana; Lutz, Alicia Isabel

doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1386727

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Multiple fossil species of the genus Eucommia, which also includes living laticiferous species (Tangpakdee et al 1997), from North American Lagerstätten preserve latex and laticifers in their leaves and seeds (Call and Dilcher 1997), for example. Silicified wood also is known to contain duct systems that are apparent in thin section, some of which appear to be laticifers based upon their cellular structure (e.g., Boonchai et al 2015;Baas et al 2017;Moya et al 2018). However, these laticifers in silicified wood appear to be empty, suggesting that in these cases, the latex did not fossilize.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossilization of the Eocene “Monkeyhair” Laticifer Tree From Geiseltal, Germany: A Deeper Understanding Using Micro-Ct and Pyrolysis Gc/MS

McCoy

Boom

Wings

et al. 2021

Palaios

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Although the fibrous plant material called Affenhaar from the middle Eocene lignites of Geiseltal in Germany has been repeatedly studied for over 172 years, modern imaging and chemical analyses have enabled a deeper understanding of its chemical composition and preservation within the parent plant. Known in English as “monkeyhair,” the fibrous material represents a very rare case of fossil laticifers, the latex-bearing ducts of plants. Here we use high-resolution X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) for the first time to elucidate the anatomy of tissues and their differential degradation within the monkeyhair tree. Even in large, fairly intact stem axes, the center cylinder of secondary xylem inside the trunks or branches is completely absent, presumably due to diagenetic degradation. Nevertheless, there is a moderately well-preserved outer layer of bark and mats of excellently preserved laticifers in the extraxylary zone beneath the bark. Previous chemical analyses revealed that the latex in these laticifers was dominated by natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene), but also included various triterpenoids. These fossil laticifers also contained large amounts of organic sulfur, suggesting the rubber may have been naturally vulcanized. Pyrolysis GC/MS is also applied to the fossil laticifers for the first time to identify the organic sulfur constituents of this ancient latex. The chemical analysis yields 12 major sulfur compounds, mostly thiophenes, consistent with vulcanized rubber. The vulcanization of these laticifers most likely occurred during early diagenesis, before the degradation of the wood, at low temperatures, and may have been facilitated with other compounds that served as accelerators, activators, and fillers.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossilization of the Eocene “Monkeyhair” Laticifer Tree From Geiseltal, Germany: A Deeper Understanding Using Micro-Ct and Pyrolysis Gc/MS

McCoy

Boom

Wings

et al. 2021

Palaios

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“…Las especies fósiles utilizadas provienen de una base de datos integrada por 438 especies fósiles obtenidas a partir de estudios de polen, leños, cutículas, impresiones de hojas y frutos (Garralla et al, 2016). A dicha base, se sumaron los taxones provenientes de las formaciones Toro Negro (Martínez y Rodríguez-Brizuela, 2011), Sálicas (Pujana et al, 2014), Arroyo Feliciano (Moya y Brea, 2015a,b;Moya et al, 2015Moya et al, , 2017 y El Palmar (Ramos et al, 2015). La edad y procedencia geográfica de las formaciones portadoras de las especies fósiles utilizadas se especifican en la Tabla 1.…”

Section: Materiales Y Métodosunclassified

Evolución De Bosques Estacionales Secos Neotropicales, Chaco Y Cerrado en El Neógeno Del Centro-Norte De Argentina

Anzótegui¹,

Garalla²,

Mautino³

et al. 2019

PEAPA

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Resumen. El objetivo de esta contribución es la de analizar la flora leñosa fósil (arbórea y arbustiva) neógena del centro-norte de Argentina y relacionarla con la flora de los actuales Bosques Estacionales Secos Neotropicales (BSEN), del Chaco y del Cerrado, a fin de establecer su permanencia y extensión a través del tiempo. A partir de las especies fósiles (polen, impresiones de hojas y de frutos, leños y cutículas) provenientes

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“…Esta autora en 1987 describió Menendoxylon piptadiensis para la Formación Andalhuala (Plioceno) del Grupo Santa María en catamarca también asignado a la subfamilia Mimosoideae. Sin embargo, una observación más precisa de sus caracteres, advirtiéndose la presencia de tubos laticíferos, permitió reasignar este taxón a la familia Apocynaceae y subfamilia rauvolfioideae, bajo un nuevo género Parahancornioxylon piptadiensis (Lutz) Moya et al, (2017). no obstante, por la combinación de los caracteres mencionados más arriba el material de cerro Pampa es asignado a Menendoxylon vasallensis, sumando otra localidad a la de Hernandarias y toma Vieja previamente citadas.…”

Section: (A-e)unclassified

Neogene woods from Cerro Pampa, Catamarca, Argentina

Baez¹,

Crisafulli²

2018

MACN

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Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio de leños fósiles de Fabaceae procedentes de los depósitos de la Formación chiquimil (Mioceno tardío) y constituye el primer estudio detallado realizado en la localidad de cerro Pampa, catamarca, Argentina. La Formación chiquimil está constituida por areniscas volcanoclásticas finas con limolitas y arcilitas pardo amarillas, rojas y verde claro dispuestas en capas alternas (Martínez, 2014). En el margen occidental de cerro Pampa, se apoya sobre la Formación Las Arcas y subyace a la Formación Andalhuala (Garralla et al., 2012). Esta formación alberga otras maderas de Fabaceae procedentes de otras localidades: Mimosoxylon santamariensis Lutz, 1987 (Los Poronguillos, catamarca); Prosopisinoxylon anciborae Martínez, 2010 (río Seco, Santa María-catamarca); Paraalbizioxylon caccavarie Martínez, 2014 (Puerta del corral Quemado y río Agua Verdecatamarca; tiopunco-tucumán) y el tallo de una palmera Palmoxylon romeroi Franco et al., 2014 en la localidad de río Agua Verde (catamarca). Los datos xilológicos aquí obtenidos contribuyen a mejorar el registro de angiospermas de la Formación chiquimil, tan rico en su contenido paleobotánico. Así lo demuestran los reportes palinológicos de Boraginaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fa

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Redescription and reassignment of the fossil wood Menendoxylon piptadiensis from the Pliocene Andalhuala Formation, South America

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Fossilization of the Eocene “Monkeyhair” Laticifer Tree From Geiseltal, Germany: A Deeper Understanding Using Micro-Ct and Pyrolysis Gc/MS

Fossilization of the Eocene “Monkeyhair” Laticifer Tree From Geiseltal, Germany: A Deeper Understanding Using Micro-Ct and Pyrolysis Gc/MS

Evolución De Bosques Estacionales Secos Neotropicales, Chaco Y Cerrado en El Neógeno Del Centro-Norte De Argentina

Neogene woods from Cerro Pampa, Catamarca, Argentina

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