Redescription of Gastonia burgei (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria, Polacanthidae), and description of a new species

Kinneer, Billy; Carpenter, Kenneth; Shaw, Allen

doi:10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605

Cited by 26 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…More derived members of Ornithopoda and Ankylosauria, however, have edentulous premaxillae (e.g., most basal iguanodontids ( Norman et al, 2004 ); Edmontonia (NHMUK R36851); Anodontosaurus (NHMUK R4947)). The premaxillae contacted each other along a dorsoventrally deep sutural surface , and this forms a small premaxillary palate, similar to that of Stegosaurus stenops (NHMUK R36730) and in the ankylosaur Gastonia ( Kinneer, Carpenter & Shaw, 2016 ), but not as robust as that of the basal thyreophoran Scelidosaurus (NHMUK R1111). The premaxillary palate of Paranthodon has a transversely concave dorsal surface.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The distribution of premaxillary teeth in other ornithischians varies; basal members of most ornithischian groups possess premaxillary teeth. For example, the basal ornithopod Hypsilophodon has five ( Norman et al, 2004 ), and basal ankylosaurs, such as Gargoyleosaurus , Pawpawsaurus and Cedarpelta ( Kinneer, Carpenter & Shaw, 2016 ) possess premaxillary teeth. More derived members of Ornithopoda and Ankylosauria, however, have edentulous premaxillae (e.g., most basal iguanodontids ( Norman et al, 2004 ); Edmontonia (NHMUK R36851); Anodontosaurus (NHMUK R4947)).…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The systematic position of the enigmatic thyreophoran dinosaurParanthodon africanus, and the use of basal exemplifiers in phylogenetic analysis

Raven

Maidment

2018

PeerJ

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The first African dinosaur to be discovered, Paranthodon africanus was found in 1845 in the Lower Cretaceous of South Africa. Taxonomically assigned to numerous groups since discovery, in 1981 it was described as a stegosaur, a group of armoured ornithischian dinosaurs characterised by bizarre plates and spines extending from the neck to the tail. This assignment has been subsequently accepted. The type material consists of a premaxilla, maxilla, a nasal, and a vertebra, and contains no synapomorphies of Stegosauria. Several features of the maxilla and dentition are reminiscent of Ankylosauria, the sister-taxon to Stegosauria, and the premaxilla appears superficially similar to that of some ornithopods. The vertebral material has never been described, and since the last description of the specimen, there have been numerous discoveries of thyreophoran material potentially pertinent to establishing the taxonomic assignment of the specimen. An investigation of the taxonomic and systematic position of Paranthodon is therefore warranted. This study provides a detailed re-description, including the first description of the vertebra. Numerous phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the systematic position of Paranthodon is highly labile and subject to change depending on which exemplifier for the clade Stegosauria is used. The results indicate that the use of a basal exemplifier may not result in the correct phylogenetic position of a taxon being recovered if the taxon displays character states more derived than those of the basal exemplifier, and we recommend the use, minimally, of one basal and one derived exemplifier per clade. Paranthodon is most robustly recovered as a stegosaur in our analyses, meaning it is one of the youngest and southernmost stegosaurs.

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Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The systematic position of the enigmatic thyreophoran dinosaurParanthodon africanus, and the use of basal exemplifiers in phylogenetic analysis

Raven

Maidment

2018

PeerJ

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“…The cause of death of the Iharkút ankylosaurs was probably drowning when their herds time to time attempted to cross the flooded river, because 1) the bonebed layer was deposited during a heavy flood event (Botfalvai et al 2016); 2) their body structure might have been unfavourable for swimming across the flooded river; 3) the ankylosaur skeletal material from Iharkút site indicates that the animals were congragated in a group before their death and drowning is a frequent cause of death in terrestrial herding lifestyle animals (Weigelt 1989;Capaldo and Peters 1995;Ryan et al 2001;Rogers and Kidwell 2007;Kinneer et al 2016;Subalusky et al 2017); 4) there are no evidences for possible other causes of death e.g. drought, disease, forest fire or miring (Botfalvai et al 2015).…”

Section: Genesis Of the Ankylosaur Skeleton Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite that the ankylosaur remains are relatively common fossils in Cretaceous costal and floodplain sediments (Vickaryous et al 2004;Arbour et al 2016), bonebeds containing more than one individual are extremely rare (but see e.g. Kirkland 1998;Carpenter et al 2001;Burns et al 2011;Kinneer et al 2016). Therefore, the discovery of twelve ankylosaurian individuals from a single, few hundred square meters large vertebrate site is unique in ankylosaurian dinosaurs.…”

Section: Genesis Of the Ankylosaur Skeleton Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dirty dozen: taxonomical and taphonomical overview of a unique ankylosaurian (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) assemblage from the Santonian Iharkút locality, Hungary

Ősi

Botfalvai

Albert

et al. 2019

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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Ankylosaurian fossils are usually standard elements of Cretaceous continental vertebrate localities, however bone-yielding horizons including more than one individual are extremely rare. Here we present a unique assemblage of 12 partial articulated or associated ankylosaurian skeletons and thousands of isolated bones and teeth discovered from the Santonian Iharkút vertebrate locality, western Hungary. Collected from an area of 600 m 2 and from a single bone bed, this material is one of the richest ankylosaurian accumulation worldwide. The 12 skeletons are not monospecific but, mostly based on the pelvic armor composition, six of them are from Hungarosaurus, two are referred to Struthiosaurus and four can be assigned to Nodosauridae indet. Sedimentological and taphonomical examinations revealed a single mass mortality event as the cause of the death and accumulation of these quadruped animals that are described here. The ankylosaur assemblage from Iharkút suggests at least a temporarily gregarious behavior of these animals and also shows that Hungarosaurus and Struthiosaurus might lived in the same moist habitat or at least preferred relatively close environments.

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“…and Tatankacephalus cooneyorum have also been recovered from the middle Cedar Mountain Formation and the Cloverly Formation, respectively Parsons and Parsons, 2009). Finally, the polacanthine Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae was described in 2016 (Kinneer et al, 2016).…”

Section: Aptian Dinosaur Faunas Because the Arundelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biogeography and ecology of the Cretaceous non-avian dinosaurs of Appalachia

Brownstein¹

2018

Palaeontol Electron

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The Cenomanian to Maastrichtian of the Late Cretaceous saw the flooding of the interior of North America by the Western Interior Seaway, which created the eastern landmass of Appalachia and the western landmass of Laramidia. Though Appalachian dinosaur faunas are poorly known, they are nevertheless important for understanding Cretaceous dinosaur paleobiogeography and ecology. In order to better track the vicariance of eastern and western North American dinosaur faunas over the duration of the Cretaceous, the former were compared with the latter from the Aptian to Maastrichtian Stages of the Late Cretaceous using several similarity indices. The data gathered from biogeographic similarity indices suggest that an almost completely homogenous North American dinosaur fauna found in the Early Cretaceous experienced significant vicariance, splitting into a Laramidian fauna differentiated by the presence of ceratopsids, pachycephalosaurids, saurolophids, lambeosaurines, ankylosaurids, therizinosaurids, and troodontids and an Appalachian fauna characterized by the lack of the aforementioned groups and the presence of non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroids, massive hadrosauroids, basal hadrosaurids, leptoceratopsians, "intermediate"-grade tyrannosauroids, and nodosaurids between the Cenomanian and Campanian, with these two faunas later experiencing limited dispersal after the disappearance of the Western Interior Seaway from the American Interior during the Maastrichtian. Dinosaur provincialism and ecology on Appalachia are also investigated and discussed.

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Redescription of Gastonia burgei (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria, Polacanthidae), and description of a new species

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

The systematic position of the enigmatic thyreophoran dinosaurParanthodon africanus, and the use of basal exemplifiers in phylogenetic analysis

The systematic position of the enigmatic thyreophoran dinosaurParanthodon africanus, and the use of basal exemplifiers in phylogenetic analysis

The dirty dozen: taxonomical and taphonomical overview of a unique ankylosaurian (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) assemblage from the Santonian Iharkút locality, Hungary

The biogeography and ecology of the Cretaceous non-avian dinosaurs of Appalachia

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