Redescription of Holarctias rufinularia (Staudinger, 1901), with notes on the taxonomy and relationships of Holarctias Prout, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)

Abstract

The types of a little known species Holarctias rufinularia (Staudinger, 1901) are illustrated for the first time and redescribed, and misidentifications of this species are corrected. Photos of the types of Acidalia rufularia Eversmann, 1851, and Acidalia rufociliaria Bremer, 1864, are published for the first time. Species composition, diagnosis and relationships of the genus Holarctias Prout, 1913 are discussed.

A phylogenomic perspective on the relationships of subfamilies in the family Geometridae (Lepidoptera)

“…Naxa was placed in Ennominae, supporting the morphological view of Holloway (1996), while Beljaev (2008) The taxonomic history of Eumelea has been even more unstable. This genus was part of Oenochrominae s.l., then it was transferred to Desmobathrinae (Holloway, 1996), where it was classified as valid at tribe rank by Holloway (1996).…”

“…Taking advantage of protocols developed to deal with old DNA extracts and museum samples (Twort et al, 2021), in this study we successfully extracted DNA sequences from the genome of Orthostixis cribraria, the type species of the subfamily and our results support Orthostixis as nested within Desmobathrinae. Despite the number of genes recovered in Orthostixis and Ozola being fewer than in the rest of the analysed taxa (Table 1), the relationship was highly supported (SH-like and A2-A3 veins in the hindwings (Figure 5), areole on forewing formed by R and Rs veins (Figure 6), but differing in details from Naxa (see illustration of Naxa in Holloway, 1996), hindwing Sc + R1 and Rs unanastomosed (Figure 5), other traits based on the skeleto-muscular structure are discussed in Beljaev (2008). The caterpillar and pupa of O. cribraria are strikingly white with black-and-yellow spots (Figure 6).…”

“…Our studies demonstrate that even with the addition of significantly more genetic data, deep nodes of geometrid lineages are still not unambiguously understood. Orthostixinae as a subfamily (Beljaev, 2008;Hausmann, 1996Hausmann, , 2001.…”

“…nov. We acknowledge that other classification options would have been possible also, for instance, Eumelea incertae sedis, or Eumelea as a tribe (Eumeleini) in Geometrinae. The morphology of Eumelea has been illustrated and discussed earlier (Beljaev, 2008;Murillo-Ramos et al, 2019), and the latter listed the following diagnostic characters: antennae and legs of both sexes are very long; forewing vein Sc reaches wing margin; in male genitalia, coremata are extremely large and branched; uncus is cross-shaped (cruciform); tegumen is narrow and it extends ventrally beyond the point of articulation with vinculum; saccus arms are extremely long, looped and vesica is with lateral rows of cornuti. This combination of characters does not occur in other Geometridae subfamilies (see (Murillo-Ramos et al, 2021).…”

The fauna of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of xeromorphic phytocoenoses in Central and North-Eastern Yakutia

“…Designations: 1 -Vilyuysky trakt, 2 -Chochur-Muran, 3 -Plemkhoz, 4 -Sergelyakh, 5 -Tekhtyur, 6 -Buotama, 7 -Tyungyulyu, 8 -Khayysardakh, 9 -Urasa-Khonu, 10 -In'yali. (Staudinger, 1901) [Beljaev, 2011]. При очень низком значении коэффициента сходства (I CS = 0,19) от центрально-якутского кластера отходит ветвь, обозначающая сообщество остепнённого луга Сергелях (4).…”