Redesign of the milk powder production chain: assessment of innovative technologies

Moejes, S.N.

doi:10.18174/498246

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The energy requirements for the manufacturing of the powdered milk, packaging, and administration are less than 20%, which is significantly less than the liquid milk production on farm varying from 80% to 86% [72]. The evaporation and drying processes require a higher energy demand than pasteurisation and packaging as reported previously [62,73]. Evaporation and pasteurisation require steam for heating; furthermore, steam is used to generate hot water for cleaning and sterilisation [74].…”

Section: Carbon Footprint Assessment Using a Case Studymentioning

confidence: 93%

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A Methodology for Industrial Water Footprint Assessment Using Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus

Trubetskaya

Horan²,

Conheady³

et al. 2021

Processes

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Recent national government policy in Ireland proposes a radical transformation of the energy sector and a large reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050. Water and energy form the water–energy nexus, with water being an essential component in energy production. However, the connection between the production of energy and water is rarely made. In particular, the end-user processes are generally excluded because they occur outside the water industry. The present study includes two simple approaches for industrial sites to calculate their carbon footprint in the water sector. The assessment of the milk powder manufacturing using both approaches indicates that the combined emission factor of the water supply and treatment is approximately 1.28 kg CO2 m–3 of water. The dairy production among steel, textile, and paper industries appears to be the most carbon-emitting industry. However, the results show that the carbon intensity of the water supply and treatment can be minimized by the integration of renewable energy sources for the onsite heat/steam and electricity generation. The uniqueness of our approaches compared to calculations illustrated by the ecoinvent and other governmental databases is its simplicity and a focus on the main energy consuming manufacturing steps in the entire industrial process. We believe that the management of water and energy resources will be more efficient when “active water citizens” raise environmental awareness through promoting measures regarding data monitoring and collection, observed leaks and damages, dissimilation and exchange of information on sustainable water stewardship to public and various industrial stakeholders.

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Section: Carbon Footprint Assessment Using a Case Studymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The water footprint from activities of administration and employees was estimated using the total water and energy demand for the water heating and sanitising purposes [75]. The input parameters were taken from the literature [49,54,62,[67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75]. The results of the life cycle analysis are summarised in Table 5.…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Methodology for Industrial Water Footprint Assessment Using Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus

Trubetskaya

Horan²,

Conheady³

et al. 2021

Processes

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“…Typically, the main steps involved in the production of milk powder include standardization, homogenization, pasteurization, evaporation, and drying [4]. Evaporation is a significant step in milk-powder production plants, serving not only to concentrate milk to the desired viscosity for subsequent spray drying but also to reduce the energy requirements during the spray drying process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Based Optimization of Energy Consumption in Milk Evaporators

Tsochatzidi,

Arvanitidis,

Georgiadis

2024

Processes

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This work explores five falling film evaporator (FFE) simulation approaches combined with energy consumption minimization strategies, namely Mechanical Vapor Recompression and Thermal Vapor Recompression (MVR and TVR, respectively). Global system analysis and advanced dynamic optimization strategies are then investigated to minimize steam consumption, the cost of steam, and the total annualized cost and to maximize product yield. The results indicate that higher TVR discharge pressures, or MVR compression ratios, along with higher feed temperatures, enhance evaporation but increase operational costs. The most economical option includes three evaporator effects with TVR to achieve 50% product dry mass content. However, for a 35% dry mass content, MVR becomes cost-effective with an 11% reduction in unit electricity prices or a simultaneous 7% drop in electricity prices and a 5% increase in gas-based steam prices. Furthermore, switching from milk powder production to milk concentrates leads to an annual cost reduction ranging from 10.8 to 44%. Additionally, a forecasted 20% (or more) reduction in biomass-based steam cost can lead to lower annual expenditure compared with the nominal NG-based steam case. Regarding the total annualized cost, for a new plant design, optimization strategies lead to a 9–45% reduction in the total cost depending on the case under consideration.

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“…This is mainly due to the shifting lifestyles and increased demand for milk-derived health products such as infant formulas and baby products due to their long shelf life and nutritious value. Moreover, it is not only used as a fresh milk alternative but is an important ingredient for the production of other food items such as ice-cream, desserts, chocolates, candy production, baby food, and other dairy products [19,20].…”

Section: Simulatieonderzoekmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is strongly emphasized in the EU roadmap [21] requiring a 20% reduction in energy consumption and to cut down carbon emissions by 80-95 % by 2050 [22]. To meet these objectives, radical changes regarding reducing reactor volume, increasing capacities, or enhancing drying rates while maintaining or improving the product quality must be applied [20,23,24].…”

Section: Simulatieonderzoekmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a multizone vortex dryer for dairy sprays

Rahman

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Conventional co-current spray dryers are widely used in the dairy industry to produce milk powder. These dryers are known for their high capital costs and low thermal efficiencies and are responsible for almost 27-55% of the total energy consumption of the dairy industries. In comparison to co-current dryers, countercurrent dryers have higher thermal efficiencies but they are not employed in the food industry due to the risks of product degradation.The conventional spray dryers used in the food industry suffer from multitude of disadvantages. They operate at relatively low air temperatures to avoid product degradation, which results in small drying rates [13]. Furthermore, the terminal velocities of the particles result in small gas-solid slip velocities, restricting the heat and mass transfer. The advent of multi-stage spray dryers (two or three stages) with integrated fluidized beds has improved the energy efficiency of the process by 13% [13][14][15][16][17]. Nevertheless, the drying systems are still far from beingThe evolution of a vortex chamber technology is a Radial Multizone Dryer (RMD) [44][45][46][47], shown in Figure 1.1-b. In this configuration, hot air enters axially into the central zone while the vortex is created via relatively cold airflow entering the RMD via the tangential channels; see Figure 1.1a. The process intensification is developed as an outcome of both: multizone drying operations with high and low temperature air feeding zones, and high-G acceleration. Consequently, the drying occurs in two steps: (i) the majority of drying takes Chapter 6 summarizes the conclusions drawn in the previous chapters and provides recommendations for future research.Experimental investigations of the atomization and counter-current spray drying process 9 Chapter 2 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ATOMIZATION AND COUNTER-CURRENT SPRAY DRYING PROCESSThis chapter presents an experimental analysis of a counter flow spray drying process using water and skim milk as a feed. The study is performed by examining the droplet size distribution of sprays and the temperature profiles in the dryer. The influence of air inlet temperature, air mass flow rate, feed flow rate, and droplet size on air temperatures in the dryer is evaluated. The evaporation and deposition zones are found to be highly dependent on droplet sizes. The obtained results show that it is possible to achieve efficient contact between hot air and spray in a small volume using a counter-current mechanism.

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Redesign of the milk powder production chain: assessment of innovative technologies

Abstract: Systematic integration of LCA in process systems design: Application to combined fuel and electricity production from lignocellulosic biomass.

Cited by 4 publications

References 95 publications

A Methodology for Industrial Water Footprint Assessment Using Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus

A Methodology for Industrial Water Footprint Assessment Using Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus

Model Based Optimization of Energy Consumption in Milk Evaporators

Towards a multizone vortex dryer for dairy sprays

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