Rediscovery of Indian dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. sphaerococcum (Perc.) MK.) an ancient crop of the Indian subcontinent

Mori, Naoki; Ohta, Souichi; Chiba, Hayato; Takagi, Toshiya; Niimi, Yukiko; Shinde, Vasant; Kajale, M. D.; Osada, Toshiko

doi:10.1007/s10722-013-9994-z

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is known to have been one of the main crops grown by ancient Indian cultures. However, its cultivation disappeared during the early twentieth century [5]. Indian dwarf wheat is a hexaploid species and has naked grains [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Indian Dwarf Wheat and Persian Wheat to Sowing Density and Hydrothermal Conditions of the Growing Seasons

et al. 2022

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The need for foods with high nutritional value has led to the rediscovery of ancient wheat species Triticum sphaerococcum and T. persicum as raw materials with valuable consumption properties, but their reintroduction requires assessment of their productivity under different agricultural practices. The field experiments were carried out for three years (2018–2020) to test the hypothesis that the sowing density of T. sphaerococcum and T. persicum (400, 500 and 600 no m−2) will affect their agronomic traits, yield and occurrence of diseases, but the response will depend on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing seasons. In this study, a significant correlation of the grain yield with the amount of precipitation in tillering, and from booting to the beginning of fruit development was demonstrated. The sowing density of T. sphaerococcum had an impact on the grain yield only under moderate drought stress during the growing season (2019), when the highest yield was obtained at a sowing density of 600 m−2. In 2019, the most favorable sowing density was also the highest for T. persicum. In the year with the lowest amount of rainfall during the growing season (2018), the yield of T. persicum was the highest in the lowest sowing density. At the shooting stage, a greater intensity of powdery mildew was observed on T. persicum, especially with higher sowing densities. Increasing the sowing density also increased the occurrence of root rot symptoms in both wheat species in the year that favored the occurrence of this disease (2018). It can be concluded that in the integrated low-input cultivation of T. sphaerococcum and T. persicum, it is justified to use a sowing density of 600 pcs. m−2, in an agroclimatic zone with moderate droughts during the growing season.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Indian Dwarf Wheat and Persian Wheat to Sowing Density and Hydrothermal Conditions of the Growing Seasons

et al. 2022

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“…It was one of the main crops grown by ancient Indian cultures. However, it disappeared from the record during the early twentieth century, especially after the Green Revolution brought modern wheat varieties into India and Pakistan [8]. Triticum sphaerococcum is a hexaploid species and has naked grains that can be completely thrashed from hulls [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Wheat Species (Triticum sphaerococcum Perc. and T. persicum Vav.) in Organic Farming: Influence of Sowing Density on Agronomic Traits, Pests and Diseases Occurrence, and Weed Infestation

et al. 2020

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Crop management should be determined to reintroduce ancient wheat. This study aimed to determine: i. the response of the yield of ancient wheat on sowing density; ii. the impact of sowing density on plant health, weed infestation and pest occurrence. Field experiments were carried out in Poland, on three organic farms. The factors were: (1) wheat species: Persian wheat (Triticum persicum Vav.) and Indian dwarf wheat (T. sphaerococcum Perc.), (2) sowing density (400, 500, and 600 grains m−2). Increasing the sowing density of T. sphaerococcum from 400 to 600 grains m−2 increases the grain yield and reduces the pest pressure (Oulema spp. and Aphididae). Sowing densities did not affect the severity of powdery mildew at stem elongation as well as root rot and eyespot at the development of fruit. At the highest sowing density, the leaf area with tan spot symptoms was the highest. The eyespot symptoms occurred more frequently and the damaged plant surface caused by Oulema spp. was larger on T. sphaerococcum. Persian wheat turned out to be more susceptible to weed infestation. Indian dwarf wheat and Persian wheat are useful for organic farming, and the sowing density should be 500 or 600 grains m−2 and 400 grains m−2, respectively.

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“…Some wheat species are probably extinct in their traditional cultivation areas, such as T. ispahanicum Heslot fi rst described by Heslot ( 1958 ), also reported by Kihara's expedition (Kihara et al 1965 ) and Kuckuck's FAO missions in 1952-54 (Kuckuck andSchiemann 1957 ), but later not found again in Iran despite intensive searches (Damania et al 1993 ;Khoshbakht and Hammer 2010 (Table 3.1 ). Landraces were recently found (re-discovered) for T. sphaerococcum Percival in India (Mori et al 2013 ), T. aethiopicum Jakubz. in Yemen, Oman, and Egypt, T. dicoccon Schrank, and T. monococcum L.…”

Section: Inclusion Of Neglected and Underutilized Cultivated Plantsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic Resources of Triticum

Hammer

Knüpffer

2015

Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field

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The political framework and the development of molecular biology and electronic data management caused a general paradigm shift in plant genetic resources (PGR), exemplifi ed here for wheat. (1) In situ versus ex situ maintenance of PGR. Ex situ maintenance lost predominance. Wild wheats are effectively maintained in the wild; landraces do well on farm. New methods did not lead to the expected progress. (2) Inclusion of neglected and underutilized crop species. Some species are probably extinct in traditional cultivation areas, whereas landraces were recently found for others. Wild relatives have gained importance in wheat breeding: besides wild Triticum species, also Aegilops , Secale , Hordeum and other genera are used. × Triticosecale reached world importance; × Tritordeum will follow soon. (3) Methods of analysing diversity within and between taxa. New technology yields new insights in the structure and evolution of populations. (4) Genetic erosion is a problem, also inside genebanks. (5) Landraces show complex morphological diversity. Infraspecifi c classifi cation systems are useful for their characterization and handling, but less recognised by breeders. (6) Methods of evaluation. Molecular markers identify genetic differences on a fairly simple level without reference to ecological adaptation. (7) Genebanks should expand classical evaluation programmes. Pre-breeding will gain importance. (8) Storage and reproduction in genebanks is done effectively and cost-effi ciently under long-term conditions, but strategic concepts for reproduction are needed. Traditional methods are often neglected, and modern possibilities over-emphasized. Maintenance of landraces in genebanks and on farm poses challenges. PGR work is conservative. Landraces can be studied by traditional methods; molecular methods can resolve specifi c questions.

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Rediscovery of Indian dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. sphaerococcum (Perc.) MK.) an ancient crop of the Indian subcontinent

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Response of Indian Dwarf Wheat and Persian Wheat to Sowing Density and Hydrothermal Conditions of the Growing Seasons

Response of Indian Dwarf Wheat and Persian Wheat to Sowing Density and Hydrothermal Conditions of the Growing Seasons

Ancient Wheat Species (Triticum sphaerococcum Perc. and T. persicum Vav.) in Organic Farming: Influence of Sowing Density on Agronomic Traits, Pests and Diseases Occurrence, and Weed Infestation

Genetic Resources of Triticum

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