Redispatching in an interconnected electricity system with high renewables penetration

Abstract

a b s t r a c tProportions of reversible and irreversible magnetization processes in the overall magnetization process were studied in a complex view of magnetic, thermal and electrical properties of iron-phenolphormaldehyde resin composites. They were determined experimentally at different values of magnetic induction along the initial curve. The results of total, differential, reversible and irreversible permeability measurement as well as the analysis of DC energy losses revealed the same tendencies: The numbers of movable domain walls (determining the extent of reversible processes) depend on the magnetic particle size and the resin content through the demagnetizing fields produced by the particle surfaces, lowering the interaction between particles. Thermal diffusivity was compared with Hashin-Shtrikman model indicating good insulation of particles.

Endogenous probabilistic reserve sizing and allocation in unit commitment models: Cost-effective, reliable and fast

“…However, the Belgian power system, which provides the basis for our case study, has enough (internal) transmission capacity to make the effect of congestion essentially negligible [28]. Currently, redispatching to alleviate transmission congestion affects 0.08% of the yearly electricity production and increases the annual operating cost by approximately 0.3% (2.9 million EUR per year) [28]. Omitting the transmission constraints does therefore not significantly affect the conclusions of this case study.…”

“…This assumption may lead to transmission congestion, especially under high wind penetration levels [27]. However, the Belgian power system, which provides the basis for our case study, has enough (internal) transmission capacity to make the effect of congestion essentially negligible [28]. Currently, redispatching to alleviate transmission congestion affects 0.08% of the yearly electricity production and increases the annual operating cost by approximately 0.3% (2.9 million EUR per year) [28].…”

The EU Electricity Network Codes (2020ed.)

“…The flows which would result from electricity trading do not always lead to feasible flows over all lines within a bidding zone (internal congestion). Internal congestion is a structural problem in several regions in Europe, aggravated by the rapid increase in renewable generation and more volatile cross-zonal trade (ACER and ENTSO-E, 2012; Dijk and Willems, 2011; Kunz and Zerrahn, 2016;Van den Bergh et al, 2015).…”

DSO-TSO cooperation issues and solutions for distribution grid congestion management

“…In Europe and elsewhere, this mismatch has recently become larger due to the increasing integration of variable renewable energy sources into the power system. With this variability in generation patterns, the location of congestion is becoming variable, while some structural congestion is also becoming evident in the internal network of several regions in Europe (Van Den Bergh et al 2015). Consequently, the orange system state is becoming more frequent and increasingly more congestion relieving measures are being undertaken.…”