Redistribution and Resistance: Urban Conflicts During and Following the 1948 War

Abstract

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Tel Aviv-Yafo – a city of historical, urban and cultural changes

“…"Jafo" to biblijna nazwa Jaffy). Niewielka populacja Arabów, która pozostała w Jaffie, została przeniesiona na jej południowe tereny (Ajami), podczas gdy nowi żydowscy osadnicy wkroczyli do skonfiskowanych domów [16]. Jednak przestrzenne rozróżnienie między północną a południową częścią "zjednoczonego" miasta nie zniknęło, ale zyskało nowy charakter: zamiast etniczno-religijno-kulturowego rozróżnienia między Arabami a Żydami, nowy podział oparł się na różnicach społeczno-ekonomicznych między dobrze usytuowaną populacją północnych dzielnic Tel Awiwu i zreorganizowaną -nową, lecz bardzo ubogą -populacją dzielnic południowych, w tym też i samej Jaffy.…”

“…Pomimo istnienia sporadycznych nieporozumień w niektórych kwestiach, obaj mieli bardzo podobny pogląd na rolę planowania 1950 a new unified municipality called "Tel Aviv-Yaffo" (Hebrew "Jafo" is the biblical name for Jaffa). The small Arab population that remained in Jaffa was relocated to its southern territories (Ajami), while new Jewish settlers entered confiscated homes [16]. However, the spatial distinction between the northern and southern parts of the "united" city did not disappear, but took on a new character: instead of the ethnic-religious-cultural distinctions between Arabs and Jews, the new division was based on socio-economic differences between the well-situated population of the northern districts of Tel Aviv and a reorganized and new, but very poor, population of the southern districts, including Jaffa itself.…”

The Roles of Increasing Inequality and Divergent Urban Development in Understanding Spatial Polarization in Tel-Aviv

“…Since its establishment, ethnonational tensions between The Jewish and Arab populations have driven a wedge between Jaffa and Tel-Aviv, which has also developed along ethnic and class divisions among the Jewish population. Immigrants from eastern and central Europe (Ashkenazi origin) who settled in northern Tel-Aviv were mostly middle-income; poorer immigrants from Africa and the middle-east (Mizrahi origin) settled in Jaffa and its surrounding poor neighbourhoods (Golan, 2002;Helman, 2010). The old railroad to Jerusalem turned into a symbolic border between the impoverished south and the affluent north (Margalit & Vertes, 2015).…”

“…The old railroad to Jerusalem turned into a symbolic border between the impoverished south and the affluent north (Margalit & Vertes, 2015). Jaffa was united with the city of Tel-Aviv in 1950, after the depopulation of most of its Arab residents during the 1948 war (Golan, 2002). Low-income Jewish refugees were housed in former Arab areas (Golan, 2002), and socio-spatial divisions continued to deepen despite the unification.…”

War and Postwar Transformation of Urban Areas: The 1948 War and the Incorporation of Jaffa into Tel Aviv

“…Differences between the government and the Tel Aviv municipality brought the issue of demolition to a standstill. 59 In March 1949 the first elected Israeli government that replaced the wartime provisional government decided on a population dispersal policy, meaning the development of Israel's peripheral areas, mainly those previously populated by Palestinian Arabs, and limiting the development of core areas such as Tel Aviv. Accordingly, Israeli government planning authorities decided to establish a new modern harbor farther south from Tel Aviv to attract population to the southern peripheries of the country.…”