Redistribution of 14C-labelled reserve carbon in Pinus sylvestris seedlings during shoot elongation

Lippu, Jukka

doi:10.14214/sf.696

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Apparently our seedlings were not able to compensate for the lost foliage with stored carbohydrates, since even defoliation conducted once during the current growing season resulted in reduced growth. This is in accordance with Lippu (1998), who showed that carbon stored in the previous season had only a minor role in the growth of Scots pine seedlings in the following growing season. Similar to host response, defoliation during three or two consecutive years increased the colonization of low-biomass and presumedly less carbon-demanding ECM morphotypes, while two years of repeated defoliation decreased colonization of high-biomass morphotypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Timing of foliar damage within the growing season may thus have a diVerent eVect on biomass accumulation in diVerent parts of the tree depending on its growth phase. Early in the growing season, elongating shoots form the largest sink that is mainly fed by photosynthetically active needles from previous years, while stored carbohydrates play a less important role (Hansen and Beck 1994;Lippu 1998). After shoot elongation a high proportion of the resources are allocated to developing needles, which gradually shift from carbon sinks to photosynthesizing sources towards the end of the season (Ericsson 1978;Troeng and Linder 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defoliation causes parallel temporal responses in a host tree and its fungal symbionts

Saravesi

Markkola

Rautio³

et al. 2008

Oecologia

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Growth of the host and its symbiont is often closely linked and so host damage may negatively affect the symbiont. While negative effects of aboveground herbivory on belowground fungal symbionts have been reported in several woody and herbaceous plants, here we report, for the first time, on differential effects of the timing of foliar damage on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal symbionts. The phenologies of host trees and their ECM symbionts differ; the growth of the latter mainly occurs later in the season than that of the host. By removing Scots pine foliage on three occasions during the growing season (early, middle and late season defoliation) in one, two or three successive years, we demonstrate that, despite the differences in the seasonal growth dynamics of the tree and the symbionts, ECM fungi follow the host's response patterns to defoliation. Early season defoliation was most detrimental to the host and resulted in an increased proportion of low-biomass ectomycorrhizae which are presumed to require less carbon from the host tree. This may improve the recovery of the host, as most roots remained mycorrhizal in spite of the defoliation treatments repeated in successive years.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defoliation causes parallel temporal responses in a host tree and its fungal symbionts

Saravesi

Markkola

Rautio³

et al. 2008

Oecologia

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“…3 B). Although shoot elongation is considered to depend on current assimilation (Ericsson 1978;Hansen and Beck 1994;Lippu 1998;von Felten et al 2007), our results suggested that alternative response mechanisms might be possible. Generally, HI was affected by weather conditions in the year preceding growth, but later in the season (after July), after the cessation of height growth of Scots pine (Jansons et al 2011), thus suggesting that nutrient reserves have apparently had a certain effect on shoot elongation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The maximum tree height is determined by hydraulic properties of wood (Ryan and Yoder 1997) and as a tree reaches this limit, height growth gradually decreases resulting in an explicit age trend of HI (Volosyanchuk 2002;Salminen and Jalkanen 2005). Height growth of Scots pine occurs during the first part of the vegetation period and this process is considered to depend mainly on current assimilation rather than on nutrient reserves (Ericsson 1978;Hansen and Beck 1994;Lippu 1998;von Felten et al 2007). Lanner (1976) proposed that HI of Scots pine is determined by two components: environmental (climatic) conditions during shoot elongation and the number of growth initials formed in the previous vegetation season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of climatic factors on height increment of Scots pine in sites differing by continentality in Latvia

Jansons¹,

Matisons²,

Zadiņa³

et al. 2015

Silva Fenn.

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• Height increment-climate relationships of Scots pine were assessed using dendrochronological techniques.• Annual height increment was significantly affected by climatic factors.• In western Latvia, temperature in preceding summer mainly affected height increment.• In eastern Latvia height increment was affected by previous autumn temperature.• During the 20th century, the effect of climatic factors has altered likely dues to climate change. AbstractHeight growth of trees is a crucial parameter that influences the composition and productivity of forest stands and quality of timber; however, the relationships between annual height increment (HI) and climatic factors have been poorly studied. In this study, the effect of monthly mean temperature and precipitation sums on the HI of Scots pine in two sites in Latvia have been determined using dendrochronological techniques. Correlation and response function analyses were conducted for entire chronologies of HI and for 50-year intervals within them. Climatic factors significantly affected the HI of Scots pine; however, not only did the suite of significant factors differ between the sites, but the influence of these factors changed during the 20th century. In the site in western Latvia where climate is milder, temperature in the preceding summer was the main climatic determinant of HI. The effect of temperature in the dormant period and spring was significant during the first part of the 20th century, while the effect of temperature in the previous September and November has become significant since the second half of the 20th century. In the site in eastern Latvia where summers are hotter, HI has been affected by both temperature and water deficit related factors in the summer. However, since the later part of the 20th century, the effect of temperature in the previous October has intensified and become the main climatic determinant of HI.

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“…Hansen and Beck (1994) reported that bud break and sprouting in spring is supplied by the recent photosynthates of the 1-year-old needles, while later in the summer, growth of the new shoots is supported by their own photosynthesis. Based on studies on one to two-year-old seedlings, Lippu (1998) concluded that height growth of Scots pine is to large extent (96%) based on photosynthates produced during the current year. Von Felten et al (2007) studied 30-year-old mountain pines on the alpine tree line and found that 42% of carbon used for new wood growth came from storage, but that the needles were built up almost completely from current-year photosynthates.…”

Section: Height Growth Of Scots Pinementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature on height growth of Scots pine in northern Finland

Salminen¹

2009

Diss. For.

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The effect of temperature on height growth of Scots pine in the northern boreal zone in Lapland was studied in two different time scales. Intra-annual growth was monitored in four stands in up to four growing seasons using an approximately biweekly measurement interval. Inter-annual growth was studied using growth records representing seven stands and five geographical locations. All the stands were growing on a dry to semi-dry heath that is a typical site type for pine stands in Finland. The applied methodology is based on applied time-series analysis and multilevel modelling.Intra-annual elongation of the leader shoot correlated with temperature sum accumulation. Height growth ceased when, on average, 41% of the relative temperature sum of the site was achieved (observed minimum and maximum were 38% and 43%). The relative temperature sum was calculated by dividing the actual temperature sum by the long-term mean of the total annual temperature sum for the site. Our results suggest that annual height growth ceases when a location-specific temperature sum threshold is attained.The positive effect of the mean July temperature of the previous year on annual height increment proved to be very strong at high latitudes. The mean November temperature of the year before the previous had a statistically significantly effect on height increment in the three northernmost stands. The effect of mean monthly precipitation on annual height growth was statistically insignificant. There was a non-linear dependence between length and needle density of annual shoots. Exceptionally low height growth results in high needle-density, but the effect is weaker in years of average or good height growth.Radial growth and next year's height growth are both largely controlled by current July temperature. Nevertheless, their growth variation in terms of minimum and maximum is not necessarily strongly correlated. This is partly because height growth is more sensitive to changes in temperature. In addition, the actual effective temperature period is not exactly the same for these two growth components. Yet, there is a long-term balance that was also statistically distinguishable; radial growth correlated significantly with height growth with a lag of -2 years.Temperature periods shorter than a month are more effective variables than mean monthly values, but the improvement is on the scale of modest to good when applying Julian days or growing-degree-days as pointers.

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Redistribution of 14C-labelled reserve carbon in Pinus sylvestris seedlings during shoot elongation

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Defoliation causes parallel temporal responses in a host tree and its fungal symbionts

Defoliation causes parallel temporal responses in a host tree and its fungal symbionts

The effect of climatic factors on height increment of Scots pine in sites differing by continentality in Latvia

The effect of temperature on height growth of Scots pine in northern Finland

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