Redistribution of nitric acid in the Arctic lower stratosphere during the winter of 1996–1997

Irie, Hitoshi; Koike, M.; Kondo, Yasuyuki; Bodeker, G. E.; Danilin, M. Y.; Sasano, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1029/2001jd900240

Cited by 18 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These studies support that the minimum temperature near T ice within 10 days prior to the matches might be low enough for solid PSCs to form. Actually, the ILAS nitric acid data demonstrated denitrification during mid‐February to early March at this altitude [ Kondo et al , 2000], and the magnitude of denitrification was larger at a higher equivalent latitude with the maximum at 80° equivalent latitude [ Irie et al , 2001]. The microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on board the UARS illustrated that enhanced ClO filled a smaller portion inside the vortex and the largest ClO values appeared near the vortex core region around the 475 K level [ Santee et al , 1997].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric ozone loss in the 1996/1997 Arctic winter: Evaluation based on multiple trajectory analysis for double‐sounded air parcels by ILAS

et al. 2002

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[1] Quantitative chemical ozone loss rates and amounts in the Arctic polar vortex for the spring of 1997 are analyzed based on ozone profile data obtained by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) using an extension of the Match technique. In this study, we calculated additional multiple trajectories and set very strict criteria to overcome the weakness of the satellite sensor data (lower vertical resolution and larger sampling air mass volume) and to identify more accurately a double-sounded air mass. On the average inside the inner edge of the vortex boundary (north of about 70°N equivalent latitude), the local ozone loss rate was 50-80 ppbv/day at the maximum during late February between the levels of 450 and 500 K potential temperatures. The integrated ozone loss during February to March reached 2.0 ± 0.1 ppmv at 475-529 K levels, and the column ozone loss between 400 and 600 K during the 2 months was 96 ± 0.3 DU. Using a relative potential vorticity (rPV) scale, the vortex was divided into some rPV belts, and it was shown that the magnitude of the ozone loss increased gradually toward the vortex center from the edge. The maximum ozone loss rate of 6.0 ± 0.6 ppbv/sunlit hour near the vortex center was higher than near the vortex edge by a factor of 2-3. When we expanded the area of interest to include all the data obtained inside the vortex edge (north of about 65°N equivalent latitude), the local ozone loss rate was about 50 ppbv/day at the maximum. This value is slightly larger than that estimated by the Match analysis using ozonesondes for the same winter by $10 ppbv/day. Temperature histories of double-sounded air parcels indicated that the extreme ozone loss in the innermost part of the vortex was observed when the air parcel experienced temperatures below T NAT during the two soundings and had experienced temperatures near T ice in the 10 days prior to the first sounding. These facts suggest that the high ozone loss rate deep inside the vortex in the 1997 Arctic early spring correlates with the presence of type Ia polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric ozone loss in the 1996/1997 Arctic winter: Evaluation based on multiple trajectory analysis for double‐sounded air parcels by ILAS

et al. 2002

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“…Thus, the air below the denitrified layer is renitrified (e.g. Kondo et al, 2000;Irie et al, 2001;Dibb et al, 2006). Renitrification cannot be observed by Odin/SMR since measurements do not reach to sufficiently low altitudes where renitrification usually is observed.…”

Section: Observation Of Denitrification By Odin/smr and Aura/mlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Denitrification and polar stratospheric cloud formation during the Arctic winter 2009/2010

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The sedimentation of HNO 3 containing Polar Stratospheric Cloud (PSC) particles leads to a permanent removal of HNO 3 and thus to a denitrification of the stratosphere, an effect which plays an important role in stratospheric ozone depletion. The polar vortex in the Arctic winter 2009/2010 was very cold and stable between end of December and end of January. Strong denitrification between 475 to 525 K was observed in the Arctic in mid of January by the Odin Sub Millimetre Radiometer (Odin/SMR). This was the strongest denitrification that had been observed in the entire Odin/SMR measuring period (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). Lidar measurements of PSCs were performed in the area of Kiruna, Northern Sweden with the IRF (Institutet för Rymdfysik) lidar and with the Esrange lidar in January 2010. The measurements show that PSCs were present over the area of Kiruna during the entire period of observations. The formation of PSCs during the Arctic winter 2009/2010 is investigated using a microphysical box model. Box model simulations are performed along air parcel trajectories calculated six days backward according to the PSC measurements with the ground-based lidar in the Kiruna area. From the temperature history of the backward trajectories and the box model simulations we find two PSC regions, one over Kiruna according to the measurements made in Kiruna and one north of Scandinavia which is much colder, reaching also temperatures below T ice . Using the box model simulations along backward Correspondence to: F. Khosrawi (farah@misu.su.se) trajectories together with the observations of Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder), CALIPSO (CloudAerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) and the ground-based lidar we investigate how and by which type of PSC particles the denitrification that was observed during the Arctic winter 2009/2010 was caused. From our analysis we find that due to an unusually strong synoptic cooling event in mid January, ice particle formation on NAT may be a possible formation mechanism during that particular winter that may have caused the denitrification observed in mid January. In contrast, the denitrification that was observed in the beginning of January could have been caused by the sedimentation of NAT particles that formed on mountain wave ice clouds.

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“…In the presence of rapidly sedimenting solid nitric acid hydrate particles the gas-phase HNO 3 does not necessarily reach an equilibrium state (Lowe and MacKenzie, 2008). Vertical redistribution of HNO 3 by evaporation of sedimenting PSCs has been observed in the Arctic (Hübler et al, 1990;Arnold et al, 1998;Irie et al, 2001;Kondo et al, 2000;Koike et al, 2002;Dibb et al, 2006;Jin et al, 2006) and the Antarctic (Hofmann and Deshler, 1991 is one of four instruments on board the Aura platform, whose main mission objectives are studying ozone, air quality and climate (Schoeberl et al, 2006). MLS detects thermal microwave emission from the Earth's limb and retrieves vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and composition in the vertical range 8-90 km …”

Section: Nat Condensation/renitrification Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

A-train CALIOP and MLS observations of early winter Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds and nitric acid in 2008

et al. 2012

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Abstract. A-train Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS)observations are used to investigate the development of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and the gas-phase nitric acid distribution in the early 2008 Antarctic winter. Observational evidence of gravity-wave activity is provided by Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiances and infrared spectroscopic detection of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) in PSCs is obtained from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). Goddard Earth Observing System Data Assimilation System (GEOS-5 DAS) analyses are used to derive Lagrangian trajectories and to determine temperature-time histories of air parcels. We use CALIOP backscatter and depolarization measurements to classify PSCs and the MLS measurements to determine the corresponding gas-phase HNO 3 as a function of temperature. For liquid PSCs the uptake of HNO 3 follows the theoretical equilibrium curve for supercooled ternary solutions (STS), but at temperatures about 1 K lower as determined from GEOS-5. In the presence of solid phase PSCs, above the ice frost-point, the HNO 3 depletion occurs over a wider range of temperatures (+2 to −7 K) distributed about the NAT equilibrium curve. Rapid gas-phase HNO 3 depletion is first seen by MLS from from 23-25 May 2008, consisting of a decrease in the volume mixing ratio from 14 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) to 7 ppbv on the 46-32 hPa (hectopascal) pressure levels and accompanied by a 2-3 ppbv increase by renitrification at the 68 hPa pressure level. The observed region of depleted HNO 3 is substantially smaller than the region bounded by the NAT existence temperature threshold. Temperature-time histories of air parcels demonstrate that the depletion is more clearly correlated with prior exposure to temperatures a few kelvin above the frost-point. From the combined data we infer the presence of large-size NAT particles with effective radii >5-7 µm and low NAT number densities <1 × 10 −3 cm −3 . This denitrification event is observed close to the pole in the Antarctic vortex before synoptic temperatures first fall below the ice frost point and before the widespread occurrence of large-scale NAT PSCs. An episode of mountain wave activity detected by AIRS on 28 May 2008 led to wave-ice formation in the rapid cooling phases over the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Mountains, seeding an outbreak of NAT PSCs that were detected by CALIOP and MIPAS. The NAT clouds formed at altitudes of 18-26 km in a polar freezing belt and appear to be composed of relatively small particles with estimated effective radii of around 1 µm and high NAT number densities >0.2 cm −3 . This NAT outbreak is similar to an event previously reported from MIPAS observations in mid-June 2003.

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Redistribution of nitric acid in the Arctic lower stratosphere during the winter of 1996–1997

Cited by 18 publications

References 53 publications

Stratospheric ozone loss in the 1996/1997 Arctic winter: Evaluation based on multiple trajectory analysis for double‐sounded air parcels by ILAS

Stratospheric ozone loss in the 1996/1997 Arctic winter: Evaluation based on multiple trajectory analysis for double‐sounded air parcels by ILAS

Denitrification and polar stratospheric cloud formation during the Arctic winter 2009/2010

A-train CALIOP and MLS observations of early winter Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds and nitric acid in 2008

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