Redistribution of reactive nitrogen in the Arctic lower stratosphere in the 1999/2000 winter

Koike, M.; Kondo, Yutaka; Takegawa, N.; Lefèvre, Frank; Ikeda, Hisatoshi; Irie, Hitoshi; Hunton, H. D. E.; Viggiano, Albert A.; Miller, Thomas M.; Ballenthin, J. O.; Sachse, G. W.; Anderson, B. E.; Avery, M. A.; Masui, Yoshihiko

doi:10.1029/2001jd001089

Cited by 18 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to these two nonequilibrium approaches, we also discuss the equilibrium approach, which is adopted by most previous model studies (e.g. Koike et al, 2002). The process of NAT particle growth and sedimentation within TM5 is clarified in the schematic given in Fig.…”

Section: The Algorithm For Nat Growth and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kleinböhl et al, 2003) or at supersaturation of the surrounding HNO 3 -containing air with respect to NAT, usually by a factor of 10 (e.g. Koike et al, 2002). The exact formation mechanism of NAT has still not yet been fully elucidated from the detailed microphysical studies that have been performed, meaning there is still some debate regarding NAT formation (Drdla, 2003;Knopf et al, 2002;Tabazadeh et al, 2003).…”

Section: The Algorithm For Nat Growth and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, during the Arctic winter of 1999/2000, which is one of the coldest currently on record (Manney and Sabutis, 2000), both extensive nitrification (Koike et al, 2002) and denitrification (Popp et al, 2001;Santee et al, 2000;Kleinböhl et al, 2003) were observed. Again, large ozone loss was also derived for this winter using both model experiments (Sinnhuber et al, 2000) and in-situ observations of ozone (Richard et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, a constant or equilibrium PSC particle size and number density are prescribed during the model runs (e.g. Chipperfield, 1999; Koike et al, 2002). Several of these model studies have concluded that such a simple parameterization of denitrification maybe inadequate for modelling Arctic wintertime ozone loss (Kleinböhl et al, 2003;Sinnhuber et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, agreement between model results and observations may simply be fortuitous. For instance, Koike et al (2002) were able to represent NO y measurements during the 1999/2000 winter with a CTM using an average NAT particle radius of 5 µm and fixed particle number density of 5×10 −3 cm −3 . Although this radius falls within the range of observed radii for large particles, the particle number density was overestimated by a factor of ∼20 (c.f.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing growth and sedimentation of NAT particles in a global Eulerian model

2004

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Abstract.Here we present a concise and efficient algorithm to mimic the growth and sedimentation of Nitric Acid Trihydate (NAT) particles in the polar vortex in a state-of-theart 3D chemistry transport model. The particle growth and sedimentation are calculated using the microphysical formulation of Carslaw et al. (2002). Once formed, NAT particles are transported in the model as tracers in the form of sizesegregated quantities or size bins. Two different approaches were adopted for this purpose: one assuming a fixed particle number density ("FixedDens") and the other assuming a discrete set of particle diameter values ("FixedRad"). Simulations were performed for three separate 10-day periods during the 1999-2000 Arctic winter and compared to the results of an existing Lagrangian model study, which uses similar microphysics in a computationally more expensive method for the simulation of NAT particle growth. The resulting particle sizes for both our approaches compare favourably at 430 K with those obtained from this previous model study, and also in-situ observations related to the size of large NAT particles. The particle growth is faster for "FixedDens" resulting in a difference in (de)nitrification by a factor of ∼ 2 for all three simulation periods. Comparisons were made with a standard equilibrium approach and the differences in the redistribution of HNO 3 were found to be substantial. For both approaches the performance of the algorithm is rather insensitive to both the number of size bins and the shape of the size distribution, and show a weak dependence on the prescribed total particle number density during the coldest period. This results in an increase of 7% for the "FixedRad" approach and 17% for the "FixedDens" approach when increasing the total particle number density by a factor of 2.5.Correspondence to: Miranda van den Broek (M. van.den.Broek@sron.nl)

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Section: The Algorithm For Nat Growth and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Algorithm For Nat Growth and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing growth and sedimentation of NAT particles in a global Eulerian model

2004

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An overview of the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign

Newman

Harris²,

Adriani³

et al. 2002

J. Geophys. Res.

111

122

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Between November 1999 and April 2000, two major field experiments, the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) and the Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO 2000), collaborated to form the largest field campaign yet mounted to study Arctic ozone loss. This international campaign involved more than 500 scientists from over 20 countries. These scientists made measurements across the high and middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The main scientific aims of SOLVE/THESEO 2000 were to study (1) the processes leading to ozone loss in the Arctic vortex and (2) the effect on ozone amounts over northern midlatitudes. The campaign included satellites, research balloons, six aircraft, ground stations, and scores of ozonesondes. Campaign activities were principally conducted in three intensive measurement phases centered on early December 1999, late January 2000, and early March 2000. Observations made during the campaign showed that temperatures were below normal in the polar lower stratosphere over the course of the 1999–2000 winter. Because of these low temperatures, extensive polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) formed across the Arctic. Large particles containing nitric acid trihydrate were observed for the first time, showing that denitrification can occur without the formation of ice particles. Heterogeneous chemical reactions on the surfaces of the PSC particles produced high levels of reactive chlorine within the polar vortex by early January. This reactive chlorine catalytically destroyed about 60% of the ozone in a layer near 20 km between late January and mid‐March 2000, with good agreement being found between a number of empirical and modeling studies. The measurements made during SOLVE/THESEO 2000 have improved our understanding of key photochemical parameters and the evolution of ozone‐destroying forms of chlorine.

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In situ HNO₃ to NO_y instrument comparison during SOLVE

et al. 2003

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[1] Measurements of HNO 3 mixing ratios from the chemical ionization mass spectrometer have been critically compared with simultaneous measurements of total gas phase NO y from the NO chemiluminescence detector aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the SAGE 3 Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE). The data were obtained in the arctic upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the winter of 1999-2000. A brief comparison to the NO y instrument aboard the NASA ER-2 is also presented. The time responses, detection limits, relative precision, and stability of relative calibrations for the instruments were in excellent agreement throughout the mission. However, the average slope of the HNO 3 to NO y correlation was 1.13 ± 0.03 overall and 1.06 ± 0.03 in stratospheric air, indicating that the two measurements had a systematic calibration offset. Possible sources for the offset error are presented, and methods to reduce the calibration error in future flights are suggested.

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Redistribution of reactive nitrogen in the Arctic lower stratosphere in the 1999/2000 winter

Cited by 18 publications

References 56 publications

Implementing growth and sedimentation of NAT particles in a global Eulerian model

Implementing growth and sedimentation of NAT particles in a global Eulerian model

An overview of the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign

In situ HNO₃ to NO_y instrument comparison during SOLVE

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Redistribution of reactive nitrogen in the Arctic lower stratosphere in the 1999/2000 winter

Cited by 18 publications

References 56 publications

Implementing growth and sedimentation of NAT particles in a global Eulerian model

Implementing growth and sedimentation of NAT particles in a global Eulerian model

An overview of the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign

In situ HNO3 to NOy instrument comparison during SOLVE

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

In situ HNO₃ to NO_y instrument comparison during SOLVE