“…3 The question of systems covering survivor benefits by means of joint survivor annuities lies outside the scope of this article. 4 This subject has very complex implications and, for the particular cases of Italy, France, the US, Sweden and the UK, interested readers can consult the papers by Caselli et al (2003), James et al (2003), Ståhlberg et al (2006), Barnay (2007), Whitehouse & Zaidi (2008), Finkelstein et al (2009), James (2012, Mazaferro et al (2012), Gustman et al (2013) and Aubert et al (2013), to name just a few.…”