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Prosthetic infection is the most common complication after aortic replacement with a synthetic vascular prosthesis or a valved conduit (VC); in this case, aortic valve (AV) rupture occurs in 0.1-1.3% of patients. The cause of valve rupture is not only infective endocarditis; ascending aortic aneurysm and obvious calcification of the native AV are also known risk factors. The paper describes a clinical case of a 49-year-old patient examined and treated in Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery. Eighteen years after primary surgical intervention for aortic stenosis, AV reprosthesis and ascending aorta VC replacement were performed according to the Bentall - De Bono procedure modified by Kouchoukos. In 2021, computed tomographic aortography has revealed that in the presence of infective endocarditis, there is aortic prosthetic rupture to form a paraprosthetic fistula and a pseudoaneurysm cavity. The results of instrumental studies are comparable with intraoperative data. The clinical case is of interest due to the rare occurrence of complications and to the significant role of multislice computed tomography during examination and postoperative monitoring.
Prosthetic infection is the most common complication after aortic replacement with a synthetic vascular prosthesis or a valved conduit (VC); in this case, aortic valve (AV) rupture occurs in 0.1-1.3% of patients. The cause of valve rupture is not only infective endocarditis; ascending aortic aneurysm and obvious calcification of the native AV are also known risk factors. The paper describes a clinical case of a 49-year-old patient examined and treated in Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery. Eighteen years after primary surgical intervention for aortic stenosis, AV reprosthesis and ascending aorta VC replacement were performed according to the Bentall - De Bono procedure modified by Kouchoukos. In 2021, computed tomographic aortography has revealed that in the presence of infective endocarditis, there is aortic prosthetic rupture to form a paraprosthetic fistula and a pseudoaneurysm cavity. The results of instrumental studies are comparable with intraoperative data. The clinical case is of interest due to the rare occurrence of complications and to the significant role of multislice computed tomography during examination and postoperative monitoring.
The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of complications in the late postoperative period in patients with aortic valve stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement or aortic valve replacement with biological prostheses. Materials and Methods. The authors carried out a comprehensive physical examination of 251 patients with aortic stenosis. Group I included 128 patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Besides, Group I was divided into two subgroups. Subgroup A consisted of 56 patients. They had contradictions for aortic valve replacement in a standard open way with assisted circulation due to the severity of the underlying disease, comorbidity and severity of cardiovascular insufficiency(EuroSCORE II over 20 % and STS SCORE over 10 %). Subgroup B consisted of 72 patients with a risk of poor outcome after surgical intervention (EuroSCORE II less than 20 % and STS SCORE less than 10 %). Patients of Group II (n=123) were comparable to subgroup B by the severity of the underlying disease (EuroSCORE II less than 20 % and STS SCORE less than 10 %). All patients in Group II underwent aortic valve replacement under assisted circulation. Results. In Subgroup A, the authors observed the following complications: few events of cerebral insufficiency and acute prosthetic infective endocarditis; in subgroup B – persistent atrial fibrillation and acute myocardial infarction. In Group II the most common complications were primary atrial fibrillation and acute myocardial infarction. However, their frequency was 2.6 (p=0.0001) and 1.7 times (p=0.0014) as frequent as in Subgroup B. In addition, in Group II, the authors observed sternum instability (2.4 %) and ascending aorta aneurysm (2.4 %). Conclusions. In Subgroup A, the incidence of complications in the late postoperative period was 10.7 %, in Subgroup B – 5.6 %, and in Group II – 30.9 %. Those were mainly cardiovascular complications. Keywords: aortic valve stenosis, transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Цель исследования – провести сравнительный анализ частоты развития осложнений в отдаленном послеоперационном периоде у пациентов со стенозом аортального клапана, перенесших транскатетерное протезирование аортального клапана или протезирование аортального клапана бесшовным биологическим протезом. Материалы и методы. Проведено комплексное обследование 251 пациента со стенозом аортального клапана. В группу I вошло 128 пациентов, которым было выполнено транскатетерное протезирование аортального клапана. В свою очередь группа I разделена на две подгруппы. В подгруппу А вошли 56 пациентов, которым вследствие тяжести основного заболевания, сопутствующей патологии и выраженности сердечно-сосудистой недостаточности было противопоказано протезирование аортального клапана стандартным открытым способом в условиях искусственного кровообращения (EuroSCORE II более 20 % и STS SCORE более 10 %). В подгруппу В вошли 72 пациента с риском исхода оперативного вмешательства EuroSCORE II менее 20 % и STS SCORE менее 10 %. Пациенты группы II (n=123) были сопоставимы с подгруппой В по тяжести основного заболевания (EuroSCORE II менее 20 % и STS SCORE менее 10 %). Всем пациентам группы II выполнено протезирование аортального клапана в условиях искусственного кровообращения. Результаты. Среди осложнений в подгруппе А отмечались единичные случаи церебральной недостаточности и острого протезного инфекционного эндокардита, в подгруппе В – возникновение персистирующей формы фибрилляции предсердий и острого инфаркта миокарда, в группе II также лидировали впервые возникшие фибрилляции предсердий и острый инфаркт миокарда (4,9 %), однако их частота в 2,6 (р=0,0001) и 1,7 раза (р=0,0014) превышала таковую в подгруппе В. Кроме того, в группе II отмечалась нестабильность грудины (2,4 %) и расширение восходящей аорты (2,4 %). Выводы. Частота осложнений в отдаленном послеоперационном периоде составила 10,7 % в подгруппе А, 5,6 % в подгруппе В и 30,9 % в группе II. В основном это были осложнения со стороны органов сердечно-сосудистой системы. Ключевые слова: стеноз аортального клапана, транскатетерное протезирование аортального клапана.
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