Redo cardiac surgery: Late bleeding complications from topical thrombin-induced factor V deficiency

Acquired FV inhibitors: a needless iatrogenic complication of bovine thrombin exposure

“…As with the three cases described in this report, the most common contemporary cause of FV inhibitors has been exposure to bovine thrombin 46‐66 . Bovine thrombin is commonly mixed with fibrinogen derived from cryoprecipitate to make fibrin sealant, a hemostatic preparation used widely among the surgical specialties, particularly in cardiovascular surgery and neurosurgery 67 .…”

Effect of platelet‐rich plasma on bone healing of autogenous bone grafts in critical‐size defects

“…PRP activated by calcium chloride solution alone has been shown to have a positive biologic effect in clinical (Anitua 1999), animal (Messora et al 2008a, b) and in vitro (Ferreira et al 2005) studies. It is important to emphasize that PRP activation by calcium chloride alone avoids the use of bovine thrombin and thus the risk of developing potentially life-threatening coagulopathies (Cmolik et al 1993, Spero 1993, Landesberg et al 2000. Another alternative to avoid the use of bovine thrombin to activate PRP is autogenous thrombin.…”

Stimulus‐dependent release of tissue‐regenerating factors by equine platelets

“…Although some clinicians rely on the platelets being activated by the collagen-rich environment to which they are exposed following injection, a recent study demonstrated only partial degranulation and GF release from platelets exposed to tissue alone, suggesting that an additional stimulation step may be required (McCarrel and Fortier 2009). However, complications observed in man related to bovine thrombin products used to activate PRP have led to the investigation of alternative stimuli for platelet activation (Cmolik et al 1993;Muntean et al 1994). Chitosan, a complex carbohydrate derived from the arthropod exoskeleton, has been shown to promote the release of more GF from human PRP than from unstimulated controls, and it has been suggested that chitosan may be a safer alternative to thrombin (Shen et al 2006).…”