Redox Active Thiol Sensors of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress

Abstract

To define the determinants that provide selectivity of redox active thiolates for some reactive species but not others is an important challenge for future investigations.

The RclR Protein Is a Reactive Chlorine-specific Transcription Factor in Escherichia coli

“…RclR now joins the relatively small group of regulators whose functions are specifically activated by oxidation (e.g. OxyR and SoxR) (13,14). In contrast to the activation of DNA binding observed in RclR, however, OxyR and SoxR bind to DNA in both their reduced and oxidized forms, with oxidation resulting in structural changes that lead to transcriptional activation (47,61).…”

“…The QuikChange site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene), modified to use only a single primer and 35 cycles of amplification, was used to mutate pRCLR1 with primers [11], [12], [13], or [14] to yield plasmids pRCLR8, pRCLR9, pRCLR14, and pRCLR15, containing rclR alleles encoding RclR C21A , RclR C89A , RclR H42A , and RclR H75A , respectively. The same method was used to mutate pRCLR8 with primer [12], yielding plasmid pRCLR12, containing an rclR allele encoding RclR C21A,C89A .…”

“…HOCl Survival Assays-HOCl survival assays were performed as described previously (20). -TAC TAA GAT TGT TGG TGT TTG TAA TCA AAA ACC ACT CAG GAG TCT GAT ATG GTG TAG GCT GGA GCT GCT TC-3Ј [2] 5Ј-AAC TCC CGG AAT GCG GAT TAT CTT TGC CCT GAT TTC TGG CGG TTT TAT TCA CAT ATG AAT ATC CTC CTT AG-3Ј [3] 5Ј-CGT CTA TAG TCA TGA TGT CAA ATG AAC GCG TTT CGA CAG GAA ATC ATC ATG GTG TAG GCT GGA GCT GCT TC-3Ј [4] 5Ј-CTT TTC TCT GAG ACG CCA GAA TAT TTG TTC TGG CGT CTG ATT TTG AGT TTA CAT ATG AAT ATC CTC CTT AG-3Ј [5] 5Ј-TCT CTG TTA CTC TAT AAC TTC TTA ATC ACT TCA TTG ATG GTA TTT TAT ATG GTG TAG GCT GGA GCT GCT TC-3Ј [6] 5Ј-TAT CTC CCC GAC TTA ACA GGT GCA GGT ATT TTT CCA TTG TGA ACA TCC TTA CAT ATG AAT ATC CTC CTT AG-3Ј [7] 5Ј-TAA TAA TTC AAC CGC AAC AGC AGT ATT GTA TAA ATA AGG ATG TTC ACA ATG GTG TAG GCT GGA GCT GCT TC-3Ј [8] 5Ј-AGG GGG CCT GAC GCC TGA AAA AGT GAA CAA CAG ACA GTG TTC GGA TTA TCA CAT ATG AAT ATC CTC CTT AG-3Ј [9] 5Ј-TTC GAA TTC AGG AGT CTG ATA TGG ATG CCC-3Ј [10] 5Ј-CTT AAG CTT TCA GGG TGC AAG CTG TCT GA-3Ј [11] 5Ј-GAA CGA TCG ATA AGA ATG CGG TGT TAG GAA GTG ACT GG-3Ј [12] 5Ј-CGA CCT GTA TTG TCG CGG GCA CTC TTC GGT TG-3Ј [13] 5Ј-GAA TTA TCG GTT ATT CGT TGG GCG GCG TTA ACG CAA GGA GCG GC-3Ј [14] 5Ј-CCA CAA AAT TCA GCT GCG CGC CTG AGT CAT GTC G-3Ј [15] 5Ј-CAC GAT TGA TAA AAA CGC GGT CCT GGG TTC TGA CTG-3Ј [16] 5Ј-GAA TCC ACC TGC ATT GTT GCG GGT ACG CTG CGT CTG CAA C-3Ј [17] 5Ј-ACT GAG CGT TAT TCG TTG GGC GGC ACT GAC CCA GGG TGC A-3Ј [18] 5Ј-AGA ATA GTG CGG CGC GCC TGT CCC ACG TGG ATA A-3Ј [19] 5Ј-AAG AAC TTA CCT GGT CTT GAC ATC-3Ј [20] 5Ј-CAG TTT ATC ACT GGC AGT CTC CTT-3Ј [21] 5Ј-AAA AAC ATT CTC AGT TTG CTT CTG C-3Ј [22] 5Ј-CGC TAT TTG TAG ACG CAA CTT TGT T-3Ј [23] 5Ј-AGG GTT GGT ATG ACA GAA GAA CAA G-3Ј [24] 5Ј-TAT ATT GAT CAT CTC GTG GGA GTC A-3Ј [25] 5Ј-CAC TAT TAT CTG GCG TTA TGG CAT T-3Ј [26] 5Ј-TAT ACA ATA CTG CTG TTG CGG TTG-3Ј [27] 5Ј-TCT TTT ATG AAC ACC CGG AAG ACT A-3Ј [28] 5Ј-ATC AGT CCT CCC AAT AAA CCT AAC C-3Ј [29] 5Ј-GGT CCT TCT ATC ACT ACT TTC GCT CT-3Ј …”

“…), have been studied extensively (reviewed recently in Refs. [13][14][15][16]. It is known that these responses depend on select transcription factors (e.g.…”

Synthetic Oleanane Triterpenoids: Multifunctional Drugs with a Broad Range of Applications for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease

“…Basic amino acids in close proximity to a Cys residue on a protein enhance its reactivity, and side chains or a bulky scaffold may limit access to a TRITERPENOIDS FOR DISEASE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT binding pocket on a protein. The pK a of the local subcellular compartment, hydrophobicity, electrostatic interactions, the redox status of the cell, and allosteric considerations are other factors that regulate Cys reactivity (Doulias et al, 2010;Vazquez-Torres, 2012). The relevance of these issues for SO biology has been reviewed recently .…”