Redox behavior and optical response of nanostructured poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films grown in a camphorsulfonic acid based micellar solution

Bhandari, Shweta; Deepa, Melepurath; Singh, Surinder P.; Gupta, Govind; Kant, Rama

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2007.11.018

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…[25][26][27] In contrast, the SEM images (Figure 2 b and c) of PEDOT-Vio (1.8) reveals dendritelike shapes (the individual strands are few microns in diameter) that are distributed randomly on the surface of the film deposited at +1.8 V (Figure 2 b). Each individual dendrite (Figure 2 c), has a common point of origin from where the elongated fibers spread out in all directions.…”

Section: Deposition Profilesmentioning

confidence: 77%

A Dual Electrochrome of Poly‐(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) Doped by N,N′‐Bis(3‐sulfonatopropyl)‐4‐4′‐bipyridinium—Redox Chemistry and Electrochromism in Flexible Devices

et al. 2010

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An electrochromic zwitterionic viologen, N,N'-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4-4'-bipyridinium, has been used for the first time for doping poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene) (PEDOT) films during electropolymerization. Slow and fast diffusional rates for the monomer at deposition potentials of +1.2 and +1.8 V, respectively yielded the viologen-doped PEDOT films with granular morphology and with dendrite-like shapes. The dual electrochrome formed at +1.8 V, showed enhanced coloration efficiency, larger electrochemical charge storage capacity, and superior redox activity in comparison to its analogue grown at +1.2 V, thus demonstrating the role of dendritic shapes in amplifying electrochromism. Flexible electrochromic devices fabricated with the viologen-doped PEDOT film grown at +1.8 V and Prussian blue with an ionic liquid-based gel electrolyte film showed reversible coloration between pale and dark purple with maximum coloration efficiency of 187 cm2C(-1) at lambda=693 nm. The diffusional impedance parameters and switching kinetics of the device showed the suitability of this dual electrochrome formed as a single layer for practical electrochromic cells.

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Section: Deposition Profilesmentioning

confidence: 77%

A Dual Electrochrome of Poly‐(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) Doped by N,N′‐Bis(3‐sulfonatopropyl)‐4‐4′‐bipyridinium—Redox Chemistry and Electrochromism in Flexible Devices

et al. 2010

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“…20 The surfactant in the electropolymerization bath in addition to supplying counterions also controls the nanostructures of the resulting polymer deposit: grain size, distribution and porosity. [21][22][23] So that a facile exchange of ions is effected during the electrochemical measurements of the PEDOT-PANI device encompassing the imide based gel electrolyte, a small quantity of lithium imide was also added to the electropolymerization bath of PANI film as this enabled the doping of the radical cation by both chloride and imide ions. Electrochromism in polyaniline has often been restricted to narrow voltage ranges of À0.4 to +0.6 V for the leucoemeraldine base (LB) 2 emeraldine salt (ES) 2 pernigraniline (PG) transitions 24 to a still narrower range of À0.5 to +0.3 V. 7 Although a cycling life of a million cycles has been reported for PANI within a potential domain of À0.2 to +0.6 V 25 in an aqueous liquid electrolyte, the presence of ample proportions of volatile solvents in the electrolyte (even if it is a non-aqueous one) severely limits the utility of this system for any practical or commercial application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film

Deepa

Awadhia

Bhandari

2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Electrochromic devices based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as the cathodic coloring electrode and polyaniline (PANI) or Prussian blue (PB) as the counter electrode containing a highly conductive, self-supporting, distensible and transparent polymer-gel electrolyte film encapsulating an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidiniumbis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, have been fabricated. Polarization, charge transfer and diffusion processes control the electrochemistry of the functional electrodes during coloration and bleaching and these phenomena differ when PEDOT and PANI/PB were employed alternately as working electrodes. While the electrochemical impedance response shows good similitude for PEDOT and PANI electrodes, the responses of PEDOT and PB were significantly different in the PEDOT-PB device, especially during reduction of PB, wherein the overall amplitude of the impedance response is enormous. Large values of the coloration efficiency maxima of 281 cm 2 C À1 (l = 583 nm) and 274 cm 2 C À1 (l = 602 nm), achieved at À1.0 and À1.5 V for the PEDOT-PANI and PEDOT-PB devices have been correlated to the particularly low magnitude of charge transfer resistance and high polarization capacitance operative at the PEDOT-ionic liquid based electrolyte interface at these dc potentials, thus allowing facile ion-transport and consequently resulting in enhanced absorption modulation. Moderately fast switching kinetics and the ability of these devices to sustain about 2500 cycles of clear-to-dark and dark-to-clear without incurring major losses in the optical contrast, along with the ease of construction of these cells in terms of high scalability and reproducibility of the synthetic procedure for fabrication of the electrochromic films and the ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film, are indicators of the promise these devices hold for practical applications like electrochromic windows and displays.

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“…The electropolymerization of EDOT can also proceed in aqueous solution. Surfactant is used for the dispersion of the monomer in water [33]. For example, Bhandari et al [33] prepared PEDOT by electropolymerization of EDOT in an aqueous micellar solution comprising camphorsulfonic acid, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ), and the monomer.…”

Section: Preparation Of Pedots By Electrochemical Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Conducting Polymers

Xia

Ouyang

2015

Lecture Notes in Chemistry

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A conjugated polymer in neutral state is semiconductive. It becomes conductive after it is doped by oxidation or reduction. The optical properties of neutral conjugated polymers are predominantly determined by the electron transition from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), whereas the optical properties of conducting polymers are related to new energy levels, polaron and bipolaron levels, which are generated during oxidation or reduction. The appearance of the new energy levels significantly changes the optical properties. Some conjugated polymers with low energy band gap can have high transparency in the visible range after they are oxidized and become conductive. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), its derivatives and analogues are the most popular transparent conducting polymers. This chapter reviews the preparation, structure, properties, and application of transparent conducting polymers, particularly the PEDOTs. PEDOTs can be prepared by solution chemical polymerization, vapor-phase polymerization, or electrochemical polymerization of its monomer. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) prepared by chemical polymerization in solution is particularly interesting because it can be dispersed in water and some polar organic solvents. High-quality PEDOT:PSS films can be readily prepared through solution processing techniques. Less conductive PEDOT:PSS has been used as the buffer layer in optoelectronic devices, such as organic and polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs and PLEDs) and organic and polymer solar cells (OSCs and PSCs). However, as-prepared PEDOT:PSS films from aqueous solution cannot be directly used as the transparent electrode of optoelectronic devices because its conductivity is below 1 S cm −1 . This conductivity is lower than the conductivity of indium tin oxide (ITO), the conventional transparent electrode material, by three to four orders of magnitude. A couple of methods have been developed to improve significantly

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Redox behavior and optical response of nanostructured poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films grown in a camphorsulfonic acid based micellar solution

Cited by 40 publications

References 42 publications

A Dual Electrochrome of Poly‐(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) Doped by N,N′‐Bis(3‐sulfonatopropyl)‐4‐4′‐bipyridinium—Redox Chemistry and Electrochromism in Flexible Devices

A Dual Electrochrome of Poly‐(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) Doped by N,N′‐Bis(3‐sulfonatopropyl)‐4‐4′‐bipyridinium—Redox Chemistry and Electrochromism in Flexible Devices

Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film

Transparent Conducting Polymers

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