Redox Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Ultralong‐Lived Organic Anodes for Rechargeable Air Batteries

Zhong, Linfeng; Fang, Zhengsong; Shu, Chenhao; Mo, Chunshao; Chen, Xiaochuan; Yu, Dingshan

doi:10.1002/ange.202016746

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Zhong used the linkers strategy to maximize the redox capacity of anthraquinone and benzene connected via redox octupoles with extended π-electron delocalization. 89 The AQ-CMP anode demonstrates nearly theoretical capacity (202 mAh g −1 at 2 A g −1 ), exceptional rate capability (58% capacity retention at 20 A g −1 ), and unprecedented cycling stability (virtually no decay over 60 000 cycles at 20 A g −1 ), far surpassing the linear counterpart (AQ-Lin, 73% retention after 250 cycles. Notably, when coupled with commercial Pt/C@Ir/C cathodic catalysts, the assembled CMP-air full cell exhibits a stable specific capacity of 181 mAh g −1 at 3 A g −1 with almost complete capacity recovery.…”

Section: Donor−acceptor−donor-type Polymermentioning

confidence: 96%

Mini-Review on Organic Electrode Materials: Recent Breakthroughs and Advancement in Metal Ion Batteries

Banerjee,

Kundu

2024

Energy Fuels

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Redox-active organic materials/composites/polymers for next-generation energy storage systems have attracted significant attention for developing cost-efficient, lightweight, flexible, and sustainable batteries. Organic electrode materials (OEMs) can provide several advantages over traditional inorganic ones, such as increased energy density, improved cycle life, tunable energy storage and voltage output, and structural diversity. Herein, an in-depth knowledge of OEMs developed from carbonyl and conducting polymers is highlighted. The challenges and latest scientific strategies to build better organic batteries like covalent organic frameworks (COFs), donor−acceptor, and all acceptor-type material-based electrodes, modified electrolytes, organic− inorganic hybrids electrolytes, ceramic-type electrolytes, COF-based electrolytes, and organic liquid electrodes are highlighted. This Review also covers a brief overview of the present electrolytes and the recent advances in the field of electrolytes like organic− inorganic hybrids, ceramic-type electrolytes, and COFs-based electrolytes and their improvement directions.

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Section: Donor−acceptor−donor-type Polymermentioning

confidence: 96%

Mini-Review on Organic Electrode Materials: Recent Breakthroughs and Advancement in Metal Ion Batteries

Banerjee,

Kundu

2024

Energy Fuels

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“…Distinct in situ color changes can be observed for the CMP film cathode during the charge/discharge process, due to doping and dedoping of the layers as this is accompanied by changing the oxidation state of the triphenylamine-bitriazine group. Later, Yu et al [179] exploited the capability of a newly-synthesized redox-active donor-acceptor CMP utilizing anthraquinone and benzene as linkers (AQ-CMP) as anodes for rechargeable air batteries. The working electrode was produced by loading the samples onto a piece of carbon cloth for macroscale shape formation.…”

Section: Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions

et al. 2022

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covalently bonded organic moieties. Because of their unique properties derived from their tunable porous structures and the multiple functional groups, which can be included in their backbones, POPs have been actively investigated for multiple applications including gas storage/separation, [2,3] catalysis, [4][5][6] optoelectronics, [7,8] sensing, [9][10][11] energy storage, and conversion. [12,13] Aside from their high specific surface areas, they furthermore show excellent chemical stability, light-weight and a versatile chemistry for modification and functionalization. POPs can be further classified into two categories based on their crystallinity. Crystalline POPs are usually summarized under the name covalent organic frameworks [14][15][16] (COFs). Amorphous POPs are further divided, based on their structure or construction principles into hyper-crosslinked polymers [17,18] (HCPs), polymers of intrinsic microporosity [19,20] (PIMs), porous aromatic frameworks [21,22] (PAFs), and others. Recent research has seen increasing interest on amorphous POPs, especially when their skeleton is π-conjugated. In these highly porous networks, π-conjugation is superimposed with meso-/microporosities, i.e., electron transport in the polymer backbone is accompanied by mass transport in the porous system, which enable many intriguing properties and applications, e.g., in energy storage and conversion, [23,24] or optoelectronics. [25,26] As such, the importance of π-conjugation in porous polymer networks has defined another emerging functional POP class-the conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). As mentioned, such CMPs [27] are a unique class of POPs exhibiting extended π-conjugated structures and permanent nanopores (Table S1). Earlier, McKeown et al. [28] discussed an important concept of preparing robust nanoporous materials by the covalent binding of planar molecules via a rigid spirocyclic linker. In 2007, Cooper et al. [29] reported a highly cross-linked, microporous poly(arylene ethynylene)s network, thus the first microporous polymer network with distinct π-conjugation and introduced the term "conjugated microporous polymer (CMP)" for this class of materials. Since their discovery, CMPs chemistry has intrigued scientists across the globe and been promoted rapidly, resulting in a strong growth in publications over the last decade. For instance, Thomas et al. [30] reported a spirobifluorene-type CMP with stable interface and application potential in organic light emitting diodes Since discovered in 2007, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been developed for numerous applications including gas adsorption, sensing, organic and photoredox catalysis, energy storage, etc. While featuring abundant micropores, the structural rigidity derived from CMPs' stable π-conjugated skeleton leads to insolubility and thus poor processability, which severely limits their applicability, e.g., in CMP-based devices. Hence, the development of CMPs whose structure can not only be controlled on the micro-but also on the macroscale have...

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“…Similar to acidic electrolytes, alkaline electrolytes can also offer high ionic conductivity (0.6 S cm −1 for 6 M KOH at 25 °C) that improves the rate performance compared to the neutral electrolytes [21] . Moreover, alkaline electrolytes typically containing KOH (ranging from 1 to 6 M), are of particular interest for some battery applications (e. g., metal‐air, [22–24] Zn−Ni, [25] metal hydride‐Ni, [26,27] etc. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benefiting from their large specific surface area, delocalized π‐conjugated skeleton, combination of micro‐/mesoporosity, etc. high active material utilization, particularly at high mass loading and in high polymer content electrodes, along with fast charging capability and high‐power are demonstrated [24,48–50] . Moreover, due to the robustness of the polymer backbone and mechanically stable 3D microporous structure, they are fully insoluble and have recently emerged as ideal candidates for long‐lived batteries [24,50] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…high active material utilization, particularly at high mass loading and in high polymer content electrodes, along with fast charging capability and high‐power are demonstrated [24,48–50] . Moreover, due to the robustness of the polymer backbone and mechanically stable 3D microporous structure, they are fully insoluble and have recently emerged as ideal candidates for long‐lived batteries [24,50] . However, only a few examples of porous polymers containing mostly quinone derivatives have been investigated in acidic electrolytes [39–45] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid based on Phenazine Conjugated Microporous Polymer as a High‐Performance Organic Electrode in Aqueous Electrolytes

Alván

Grieco

Patil

et al. 2023

Batteries & Supercaps

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Incorporating redox active units in a 3D porous network is an encouraging strategy to enhance electrochemical performance of organic electrode materials. Herein, a new hybrid composed by phenazine-based conjugated microporous polymer (IEP-27-SR, stand for IMDEA Energy Polymer number 27) and singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene oxide (RGO) is synthesized, fully characterized and tested electrochemically in different aqueous electrolyte conditions, i. e., at various pH values (1-12) and also with different charge carriers (H + in acidic, and Li + , Na + , K + in neutral and alkaline electrolytes).Although the IEP-27-SR is found to be very versatile showing very good electrochemistry both in alkaline and acidic solution, it exhibits best specific capacity, redox kinetics and cycle stability in acidic electrolyte. Then encouragingly, when IEP-27-SR is combined with an activated carbon (AC) counter electrode to construct a proof-of-the-concept device, the IEP-27-SR//AC demonstrates high specific capacity (168 mAh g À 1 at 2 C), impressive rate performance (96 mAh g À 1 at 60 C) and ultralong cycle stability (76 % capacity retention over 28800 cycles at 10 C; 2690 h) in 1 M H 2 SO 4 .

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Redox Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Ultralong‐Lived Organic Anodes for Rechargeable Air Batteries

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Mini-Review on Organic Electrode Materials: Recent Breakthroughs and Advancement in Metal Ion Batteries

Mini-Review on Organic Electrode Materials: Recent Breakthroughs and Advancement in Metal Ion Batteries

Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions

Hybrid based on Phenazine Conjugated Microporous Polymer as a High‐Performance Organic Electrode in Aqueous Electrolytes

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