Redox Flow Batteries: Non‐Solvent Induced Phase Separation Enables Designer Redox Flow Battery Electrodes (Adv. Mater. 16/2021)

Wan, Charles Tai-Chieh; Jacquemond, Rémy Richard; Chiang, Yet‐Ming; Nijmeijer, Kitty; Brushett, Fikile R.; Forner‐Cuenca, Antoni

doi:10.1002/adma.202170126

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In Figure 6, the current distribution profiles in one half-cell are plotted over the electrode thickness and length together with the normalized current values (normalized by the total current generated in the electrode). As observed for all cases, most of the current is generated near the membrane interface, driven by the high activation and mass transfer reaction overpotentials in that region as a result of greater species reaction rates [13,35,88,89] . Additionally, the current distribution depends on the fluid dynamics of the system which gives rise to different velocity profiles and species flux throughout the electrode volume.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performancesupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Despite the technological maturity and advantages of RFBs, their current elevated costs and limited power and energy density have challenged their market penetration and widespread implementation [9][10][11] . To increase cost competitiveness and system efficiency, research efforts address technology limitations through the development and engineering of high-performance materials [12][13][14][15][16] , alternative flow cell designs [17,18] , new electrolytes [9,19,20] and improved operational strategies [21][22][23] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrodes are defined by their surface chemistry and microstructure, which is characterized by the pore size distribution (PSD), anisotropy ratio, fiber alignment and pore morphology [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] . As such, authors have studied the role of the electrode microstructure on the electrochemical performance and pressure drop [26,[33][34][35] , while others have designed and synthesized electrode materials with distinct chemical and physical properties [13,30] . As a macroscopic geometrical dimension, the thickness of the porous electrode plays an integral role in the performance and efficiency of the electrochemical stack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Role of Electrode Thickness in Redox Flow Cell Performance

Muñoz-Perales,

van der Heijden,

de Haas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The electrode thickness is a critical design parameter determining the overall flow cell performance through the available surface area for reactions, current and potential distributions, and required pumping power. To date, current redox flow cell assemblies employ repurposed off-the-shelf fibrous electrodes, yet a broad range of thicknesses have been reported, showing that the influence of the electrode thickness on the reactor performance is not well understood. Here, we investigate the effect of the electrode thickness in the range of 200 - 1100 µm on the cell performance by stacking electrode layers in four different flow cell configurations – paper and cloth electrodes combined with flow-through and interdigitated flow fields. We employ a suite of electrochemical and fluid dynamic diagnostics together with pore network modeling simulations to correlate the electrode thickness with the pressure drop and electrochemical performance. We find that for each electrode-flow field combination, there is a unique dependency to electrode thickness. Thicker electrodes are beneficial in combination with flow-through flow fields, whereas when using interdigitated flow fields, thinner electrodes are better suited for the electrochemical performance and pressure losses trade-off. We hope our findings will aid researchers and technology practicioners design their electrochemical flow cells under convective operation.

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Section: Electrochemical Performancesupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the Role of Electrode Thickness in Redox Flow Cell Performance

Muñoz-Perales,

van der Heijden,

de Haas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Sacrificial agents were also adopted in other techniques different from electrospinning. For instance, Wan et al [71] studied a polymer solution of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and PAN at different ratios in a non-solvent induced phase separation to synthesise a tuneable porous electrode (Figure 2g). The process is promising for an industrial process and allows the fine tuning of the porosity which is beneficial for the electrolyte transport in the electrode.…”

Section: Novel Carbon-based Mesoporous Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective Carbon for Next‐Generation Stationary Energy Storage Systems: Sodium‐Ion and Vanadium Flow Batteries

McArdle,

Bauer,

Granieri

et al. 2023

ChemElectroChem

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This review examines the role of defective carbon‐based electrodes in sodium‐ion and vanadium flow batteries. Methods for introducing defects into carbon structures are explored and their effectiveness in improving electrode performance is demonstrated. In sodium‐based systems, research focuses primarily on various precursor materials and heteroatom doping to optimise hard carbon electrodes. Defect engineering increases interlayer spacing, porosity, and changes the surface chemistry, which improves sodium intercalation and reversible capacities. Heteroatom functionalisation and surface modification affect solid electrolyte interface formation and coulombic efficiencies. For flow batteries, post‐fabrication electrode enhancement methods produce defects to improve electrode kinetics, although these methods often introduce oxygen functional groups as well, making isolation of defect effects difficult. Continued research efforts are key to developing carbon‐based electrodes that can meet the unique challenges of future battery systems.

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“…[14] Although these studies gained insights into the requirements of electrodes for RFB application (i.e., well-defined structure, bimodal PSD), the investigated commercial electrodes are repurposed fuel cell gas diffusion electrodes and are not optimized for their use in all-liquid RFBs. [4,20] In addition, the conventional manufacturing and functionalization methods mainly focus on the optimization of the microstructure, but the electrolyte distribution, electrode-electrolyte interface, and electrode conductivity remain unidentified. [13,21,22] Incomplete understanding of the structurefunction-performance relationships and the interplay between the electrode and other RFB components (including the flow field and electrolyte chemistry) challenge the deterministic design of electrode materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Mass Transfer Relationships in Stereolithography 3D Printed Electrodes for Redox Flow Batteries

Heijden

Kroese

Borneman

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Porous electrodes govern the electrochemical performance and pumping requirements in redox flow batteries, yet conventional carbon‐fiber‐based porous electrodes have not been tailored to sustain the requirements of liquid‐phase electrochemistry. 3D printing is an effective approach to manufacturing deterministic architectures, enabling the tuning of electrochemical performance and pressure drop. In this work, model grid structures are manufactured with stereolithography 3D printing followed by carbonization and tested as flow battery electrode materials. Microscopy, tomography, spectroscopy, fluid dynamics, and electrochemical diagnostics are employed to investigate the resulting electrode properties, mass transport, and pressure drop of ordered lattice structures. The influence of the printing direction, pillar geometry, and flow field type on the cell performance is investigated and mass transfer vs. electrode structure correlations are elucidated. It is found that the printing direction impacts the electrode performance through a change in morphology, resulting in enhanced performance for diagonally printed electrodes. Furthermore, mass transfer rates within the electrode are improved by helical or triangular pillar shapes or by using interdigitated flow field designs. This study shows the potential of stereolithography 3D printing to manufacture customized electrode scaffolds, which could enable multiscale structures with superior electrochemical performance and low pumping losses.

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Redox Flow Batteries: Non‐Solvent Induced Phase Separation Enables Designer Redox Flow Battery Electrodes (Adv. Mater. 16/2021)

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

On the Role of Electrode Thickness in Redox Flow Cell Performance

On the Role of Electrode Thickness in Redox Flow Cell Performance

Defective Carbon for Next‐Generation Stationary Energy Storage Systems: Sodium‐Ion and Vanadium Flow Batteries

Investigating Mass Transfer Relationships in Stereolithography 3D Printed Electrodes for Redox Flow Batteries

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