Redox regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis

Stenbæk, Anne; Jensen, Poul Erik

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.03.022

Cited by 115 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…An example for undesired proteins might be CTH1B and chlB, enzymes involved in chlorophyll biogenesis, which decreased by 49 and 81%, respectively, after 24 h HS (Supplemental Data Set 2, Note 2). Chlorophyll biosynthesis might be throttled to avoid potentially improperly assembled chlorophyll that would produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Mittler, 2002;Stenbaek and Jensen, 2010). Examples for transiently required proteins are THI4 and THI8, which are involved in thiamine biosynthesis and decrease by 62 and 85% respectively.…”

Section: Only 29 Proteins Are Found To Be Actively Degraded During Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems-Wide Analysis of Acclimation Responses to Long-Term Heat Stress and Recovery in the Photosynthetic Model OrganismChlamydomonas reinhardtii

et al. 2014

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We applied a top-down systems biology approach to understand how Chlamydomonas reinhardtii acclimates to long-term heat stress (HS) and recovers from it. For this, we shifted cells from 25 to 42°C for 24 h and back to 25°C for ‡8 h and monitored abundances of 1856 proteins/protein groups, 99 polar and 185 lipophilic metabolites, and cytological and photosynthesis parameters. Our data indicate that acclimation of Chlamydomonas to long-term HS consists of a temporally ordered, orchestrated implementation of response elements at various system levels. These comprise (1) cell cycle arrest; (2) catabolism of larger molecules to generate compounds with roles in stress protection; (3) accumulation of molecular chaperones to restore protein homeostasis together with compatible solutes; (4) redirection of photosynthetic energy and reducing power from the Calvin cycle to the de novo synthesis of saturated fatty acids to replace polyunsaturated ones in membrane lipids, which are deposited in lipid bodies; and (5) when sinks for photosynthetic energy and reducing power are depleted, resumption of Calvin cycle activity associated with increased photorespiration, accumulation of reactive oxygen species scavengers, and throttling of linear electron flow by antenna uncoupling. During recovery from HS, cells appear to focus on processes allowing rapid resumption of growth rather than restoring pre-HS conditions.

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Section: Only 29 Proteins Are Found To Be Actively Degraded During Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems-Wide Analysis of Acclimation Responses to Long-Term Heat Stress and Recovery in the Photosynthetic Model OrganismChlamydomonas reinhardtii

et al. 2014

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“…The ATPase activity of Arabidopsis CHLI1 (Ikegami et al 2007) and CHLI2 (Kobayashi et al 2008) is fully inactivated by oxidation but is easily recovered by thioredoxinassisted reduction, suggesting that CHLI is a target of regulation by thioredoxin. However, Stenbaek and Jensen described in their review (Stenbaek and Jensen 2010) that NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase with a C-terminal thioredoxin domain can stimulate the ATPase activity of the CHLI subunit, but is unable to stimulate total MgCh activity. These data suggest that certain cysteines presumably located in CHLH that are required for MgCh activity need reduction but are not targets for thioredoxins.…”

Section: Regulation At the Branch Points Of The Biosynthetic Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrapyrrole Metabolism inArabidopsis thaliana

Tanaka

Kobayashi²,

Masuda

2011

The Arabidopsis Book

226

232

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This manuscript is dedicated to Prof. Mamoru Mimuro of Kyoto University who passed away in Februay 2011.Higher plants produce four classes of tetrapyrroles, namely, chlorophyll (Chl), heme, siroheme, and phytochromobilin. In plants, tetrapyrroles play essential roles in a wide range of biological activities including photosynthesis, respiration and the assimilation of nitrogen/sulfur. All four classes of tetrapyrroles are derived from a common biosynthetic pathway that resides in the plastid. In this article, we present an overview of tetrapyrrole metabolism in Arabidopsis and other higher plants, and we describe all identified enzymatic steps involved in this metabolism. We also summarize recent findings on Chl biosynthesis and Chl breakdown. Recent advances in this field, in particular those on the genetic and biochemical analyses of novel enzymes, prompted us to redraw the tetrapyrrole metabolic pathways. In addition, we also summarize our current understanding on the regulatory mechanisms governing tetrapyrrole metabolism. The interactions of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and other cellular processes including the plastid-to-nucleus signal transduction are discussed.

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“…To prevent the accumulation of free and phototoxic metabolic intermediates, TBS is subject to tight transcriptional and posttranslational control in response to endogenous and environmental stimuli (Mochizuki et al, 2010;Tanaka et al, 2011;Brzezowski et al, 2015). Posttranslational control of TBS involves multiple mechanisms, including assembly of biand multi-molecular protein complex and redox control (Stenbaek and Jensen, 2010;Czarnecki and Grimm, 2013;. TBS is coordinated with the synthesis of apoproteins, which assemble with tetrapyrrole end products as cofactors and pigments (Plumley and Schmidt, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation of GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4 Alters Stimulation of Mg Chelatase Activity in Angiosperms

et al. 2016

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) is a positive regulator of light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthesis. GUN4 activates Mg chelatase (MgCh) that catalyzes the insertion of an Mg 2+ ion into protoporphyrin IX. We show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GUN4 is phosphorylated at Ser 264 (S264), the penultimate amino acid residue at the C terminus. While GUN4 is preferentially phosphorylated in darkness, phosphorylation is reduced upon accumulation of Mg porphyrins. Expression of a phosphomimicking GUN4(S264D) results in an incomplete complementation of the white gun4-2 null mutant and a chlorotic phenotype comparable to gun4 knockdown mutants. Phosphorylated GUN4 has a reduced stimulatory effect on MgCh in vitro and in vivo but retains its protein stability and tetrapyrrole binding capacity. Analysis of GUN4 found in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms reveals the evolution of a C-terminal extension, which harbors the phosphorylation site of GUN4 expressed in angiosperms. Homologs of GUN4 from Synechocystis and Chlamydomonas lack the conserved phosphorylation site found in a C-terminal extension of angiosperm GUN4. Biochemical studies proved the importance of the C-terminal extension for MgCh stimulation and inactivation of GUN4 by phosphorylation in angiosperms. An additional mechanism regulating MgCh activity is proposed. In conjunction with the dark repression of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis, GUN4 phosphorylation minimizes the flow of intermediates into the Mg branch of the tetrapyrrole metabolic pathway for chlorophyll biosynthesis.

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Redox regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis

Cited by 115 publications

References 52 publications

Systems-Wide Analysis of Acclimation Responses to Long-Term Heat Stress and Recovery in the Photosynthetic Model OrganismChlamydomonas reinhardtii

Systems-Wide Analysis of Acclimation Responses to Long-Term Heat Stress and Recovery in the Photosynthetic Model OrganismChlamydomonas reinhardtii

Tetrapyrrole Metabolism inArabidopsis thaliana

Phosphorylation of GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4 Alters Stimulation of Mg Chelatase Activity in Angiosperms

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