Redox Regulation of Lipid Mobilization in Adipose Tissues

Abou-Rjeileh, Ursula; Contreras, G. Andres

doi:10.3390/antiox10071090

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…In white adipocytes, during lipolysis, free radicals such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are produced through a series of cytoplasmic activities—e.g., inside the endoplasmic reticulum, phagosomes, peroxisomes, and on the cellular membrane [ 32 ]. In most cases, all these reactions involve a large amount of non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Maio

Alessio

Peluso

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Two different types of adipose depots can be observed in mammals: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). The primary role of WAT is to deposit surplus energy in the form of triglycerides, along with many metabolic and hormonal activities; as thermogenic tissue, BAT has the distinct characteristic of using energy and glucose consumption as a strategy to maintain the core body temperature. Under specific stimuli—such as exercise, cold exposure, and drug treatment—white adipocytes can utilize their extraordinary flexibility to transdifferentiate into brown-like cells, called beige adipocytes, thereby acquiring new morphological and physiological characteristics. For this reason, the process is identified as the ‘browning of WAT’. We evaluated the ability of some drugs, including GW501516, sildenafil, and rosiglitazone, to induce the browning process of adult white adipocytes obtained from differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In addition, we broadened our investigation by evaluating the potential browning capacity of IRISIN, a myokine that is stimulated by muscular exercises. Our data indicate that IRISIN was effective in promoting the browning of white adipocytes, which acquire increased expression of UCP1, increased mitochondrial mass, and modification in metabolism, as suggested by an increase of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, primarily in presence of glucose as a nutrient. These promising browning agents represent an appealing focus in the therapeutic approaches to counteracting metabolic diseases and their associated obesity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Maio

Alessio

Peluso

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Therefore, we believe that the effect of CL16049F1 supplementation in normalizing liver enzymes and fat mobilization is due to its antioxidant potential [34].…”

Section: Sphaeranthus Indicus Flower Head Extracts Andmentioning

confidence: 97%

A blend of Sphaeranthus indicus flower head and Terminalia chebula fruit extracts reduces fatty liver and improves liver function in non-alcoholic, overweight adults

Rajendra

Kurapati

Balineni³

et al. 2022

FFHD

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Background: Excessive accumulation of fat in the liver is a common clinical presentation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The increasing prevalence of NAFLD is a growing health problem worldwide. The major risk factors of NAFLD include obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance.Objective: The aim of the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of an herbal composition CL16049F1 in reducing fatty liver conditions and improving liver function in non-alcoholic, overweight individuals. CL16049F1 is a proprietary blend of Sphaeranthus indicus flower head and Terminalia chebula fruit extracts.Materials and Methods: Ninety male and female subjects (age: 25-60 yrs., BMI: 23-29 kg/m2) with elevated Fatty Liver Index (FLI) between 31 and 59 were randomized into three groups (n=30). The participants received a daily dose of 300mg CL16049F1, 320 mg Silymarin, or a placebo over a period of 84 consecutive days. FLI was evaluated as the primary efficacy measure. The secondary efficacy measures included the liver enzymes, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers in serum, A 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) score were also evaluated. The clinical biochemistry, hematology, urine, and vital signs were evaluated as safety measures. Adverse events were also monitored.Results: Eighty-eight subjects completed the study. Post-trial, the FLI score of CL16049F1-supplemented subjects was reduced by 13.81% (p<0.05) and 16.08% (p<0.05), while the Silymarin supplemented group exhibited reductions of 7.50% (p<0.05) and 7.27% (p<0.05) as compared to baseline and placebo, respectively. CL16049F1 supplementation significantly improved the liver enzymes, lipid profile, and oxidative markers in serum. The changes in the secondary efficacy measures in these treatment groups are comparable. No major adverse events were observed.Conclusion: CL16049F1 is a well-tolerated and effective herbal formulation to reduce fatty liver and improve liver function in non-alcoholic, overweight subjects.Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Fatty liver index, CL16049F1, hepatoprotective botanical formulation.

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“…Under physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species are produced as a byproduct of normal cellular metabolism [34] . ROS are produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX) and dual oxidase enzymes in a regulated manner [35,36] and low level of ROS have a function in cellular processes such as regulation of intracellular signaling pathways [37] including adipocyte lipid metabolism [38] . In excess, oxidative stress can lead to metabolic dysregulation or oxidation of proteins, lipids, and DNA, leading to cellular, tissue, and organ damage [34,39] .…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Lipid Metabolism In Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue metabolic changes in chronic kidney disease

Serrano¹,

Shenoy²,

Cantarin³

2023

Immunometabolism

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Adipose tissue is a complex organ whose functions go beyond being an energy reservoir to sustain proper body energy homeostasis. Functioning as an endocrine organ, the adipose tissue has an active role in the body’s metabolic balance regulation through several secreted factors generally termed as adipokines. Thus, adipose tissue dysregulation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) can have a deep impact in the pathophysiology of diseases associated with metabolic dysregulation including metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance (IR), atherosclerosis, and even cachexia. CKD is a progressive disorder linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Despite being characterized by renal function loss, CKD is accompanied by metabolic disturbances such as dyslipidemia, protein energy wasting, chronic low-grade inflammation, IR, and lipid redistribution. Thus far, the mechanisms by which these changes occur and the role of adipose tissue in CKD development and progression are unclear. Further understanding of how these factors develop could have implications for the management of CKD by helping identify pharmacological targets to improve CKD outcomes.

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Redox Regulation of Lipid Mobilization in Adipose Tissues

Cited by 29 publications

References 125 publications

Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

A blend of Sphaeranthus indicus flower head and Terminalia chebula fruit extracts reduces fatty liver and improves liver function in non-alcoholic, overweight adults

Adipose tissue metabolic changes in chronic kidney disease

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