Redox Regulatory Changes of Circadian Rhythm by the Environmental Risk Factors Traffic Noise and Air Pollution

Abstract

Significance: Risk factors in the environment such as air pollution and traffic noise contribute to the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Recent Advances: Epidemiological data suggest that air pollution and traffic noise are associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental disease, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, arrhythmia, stroke, neurodegeneration, depression, and anxiety disorders, mainly by activation of stress hormone signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Critical Issues: We here provide an in-depth review on the impact of the environmental risk factors air pollution and traffic noise exposure (components of the external exposome) on cardiovascular health, with special emphasis on the role of environmentally triggered oxidative stress and dysregulation of the circadian clock. Also, a general introduction on the contribution of circadian rhythms to cardiovascular health and disease as well as a detailed mechanistic discussion of redox regulatory pathways of the circadian clock system is provided. Future Directions: Finally, we discuss the potential of preventive strategies or “chrono” therapy for cardioprotection. Antioxid. Redox Signal . 37, 679–703.

Redox signaling at the crossroads of human health and disease

“…382 Intriguingly, dysregulation of the circadian rhythm is highly redox‐relevant and contributes to the cardiovascular disease and other pathological conditions. 383 , 384 Therefore, several exogenous ROS sources—air pollution and exposure of traffic noise are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The circadian rhythm is tightly controlled by redox status, which is mediated by the redox regulation on cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and period 2 (PER2) and subsequent activation or repression of circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput/brain and muscle arnt‐like protein‐1 complex.…”

“…The circadian rhythm is tightly controlled by redox status, which is mediated by the redox regulation on cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and period 2 (PER2) and subsequent activation or repression of circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput/brain and muscle arnt‐like protein‐1 complex. 383 OS is a direct cause of acute poisoning, like the chemical herbicide ‐ paraquat. The intake of paraquat leads to rapid and constant accumulation of O 2 −• , causing pneumonitis, progressive lung fibrosis, and even death.…”

“…Therefore, several exogenous ROS sources—air pollution and exposure of traffic noise are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The circadian rhythm is tightly controlled by redox status, which is mediated by the redox regulation on cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and period 2 (PER2) and subsequent activation or repression of circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput/brain and muscle arnt‐like protein‐1 complex 383 . OS is a direct cause of acute poisoning, like the chemical herbicide ‐ paraquat.…”

“…In the reperfusion phase, NO, ONOO − , O 2 −• and other oxidants are markedly increased, 379–381 which is followed by elevated levels of OS markers in patients with IRI 382 . Intriguingly, dysregulation of the circadian rhythm is highly redox‐relevant and contributes to the cardiovascular disease and other pathological conditions 383,384 . Therefore, several exogenous ROS sources—air pollution and exposure of traffic noise are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.…”

Circadian Rhythm Disruption as a Contributor to Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer

“…Disruption of circadian rhythms is thought to be caused by environmental noise pollution [ 54 , 55 ], jet lag [ 56 , 57 ], night shift work [ 58 ], and artificial light at night (ALAN) [ 59 ]. CRD is associated with various health consequences, including premature death, metabolic syndrome, obesity, immune dysregulation, reproductive problems, stress, and depression [ 6 ].…”