Redox supercapacitor performance of nanocrystalline molybdenum nitrides obtained by ammonolysis of chloride- and amide-derived precursors

Abstract

Reactions of MoClsuggesting that redox capacitance is responsible for a significant proportion of the charge stored. Highlights: Hexagonal δ 1 -MoN <500 °C or cubic γ-Mo 2 N >600 °C from a MoCl 5 -derived polymer. High double layer capacitance in aqueous electrolyte with good cycling stability. Phase behaviour of molybdenum nitride from a Mo(NMe 2 ) 4 -derived polymer. Good capacitance and stable cycling in relatively low surface area materials. Redox peaks in the electrochemical data suggesting a largely redox-based process.

Evaluation of nanocrystalline Sn3N4derived from ammonolysis of Sn(NEt2)4as a negative electrode material for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries

“…12 Their use in bulk synthesis of nanocrystalline metal nitride powders by reaction with neat liquid ammonia was rst shown by Brown and Maya, 35 but ammonolysis in hydrocarbon solutions as used here was rst used by Baxter et al 36 We have also used these reactions to produce a number of high oxidation state metal nitrides [37][38][39][40] and molybdenum nitride supercapacitor electrodes. 41 Metal dialkylamides are produced on kg scales as precursors for thin lm formation, hence these reactions are potentially scalable for battery materials applications. Ammonolysis proceeds by transamination reactions to produce bridging imide groups, and with Sn(NEt 2 ) 4 it is expected that they would take the form:…”

Ion Storage in Nanoconfined Interstices Between Vertically Aligned Nanotubes in Electric Double-Layer Capacitors

“…Four CNTs (8,8), each of 10 Å diameter and 35 Å length, aligned along the z-axis, were used as the electrode, as shown in the schematic in Figs. 1(a) and 1(b).…”

“…While batteries in general can achieve greater energy densities, capacitors exhibit better performance in other aspects and provide higher power density, shorter charge time, and longer life cycles [1,4,5]. Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), also known as supercapacitors [6], have significantly greater energy densities than conventional capacitors and are being investigated extensively [7][8][9][10][11]. Recent studies indicate that EDLCs can achieve energy densities comparable to that of conventional batteries [12][13][14].…”

Solvothermal synthesis and electrochemical charge storage assessment of Mn3N2

“…Metal nitrides have been tested as supercapacitor materials in various aqueous electrolytes including sulphuric acid or sodium sulphate solutions with molybdenum nitrides 12 and potassium hydroxide solutions with TiN or VN. 10,11 Mn3N2 was found to be highly unstable in acidic electrolytes so testing focussed on the electrochemistry in KOH solution.…”