We successfully synthesized large-scale and highly pure
ultrathin
SnO2 nanosheets (NSs), with a minimum thickness in the
regime of ca. 2.1 nm as determined by HRTEM and in good agreement
with XRD refinements and AFM height profiles. Through TEM and HRTEM
observations on time-dependent samples, we found that the as-prepared
SnO2 NSs were assembled by “oriented attachment”
of preformed SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Systematic trials
showed that well-defined ultrathin SnO2 NSs could only
be obtained under appropriate reaction time, solvent, additive, precursor
concentration, and cooling rate. A certain degree of nonstoichiometry
appears inevitable in the well-defined SnO2 NSs sample.
However, deviations from the optimal synthetic parameters give rise
to severe nonstoichiometry in the products, resulting in the formation
of Sn3O4 or SnO. This finding may open new accesses
to the fundamental investigations of tin oxides as well as their intertransition
processes. Finally, we investigated the lithium-ion storage of the
SnO2 NSs as compared to SnO2 hollow spheres
and NPs. The results showed superior performance of SnO2 NSs sample over its two counterparts. This greatly enhanced Li-ion
storage capability of SnO2 NSs is probably resulting from
the ultrathin thicknesses and the unique porous structures: the nanometer-sized
networks provide negligible diffusion times of ions thus faster phase
transitions, while the “breathable” interior porous
structure can effectively buffer the drastic volume changes during
lithiation and delithiation reactions.