Reduced Anterior Cingulate and Orbitofrontal Volumes in Child Abuse–Related Complex PTSD

Thomaes, Kathleen; Dorrepaal, Ethy; Draijer, Nel; Ruiter, Michiel B. de; Balkom, A.J.L.M. van; Smit, Johannes H.; Veltman, Dick J.

doi:10.4088/jcp.08m04754blu

Cited by 152 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…In conclusion, structural MRI studies sampling PTSD populations have observed gray matter differences in ACC (Thomaes et al, 2010) and hippocampal volumes (Woon et al, 2010). Our study extends these observations to include the PTSD-specific abnormalities in the cingulum, the white matter fiber that connects the ACC and hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…A majority of this research has revealed structural differences in gray matter, with smaller cortical volumes frequently associated with a PTSD diagnosis (Karl et al, 2006;Tavanti et al, 2012). Volumetric differences between PTSD and psychopathology-free controls (measured through MRI) have been largely observed in specific structures, such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortex (Thomaes et al, 2010); however, between-group differences have been particularly apparent for the hippocampus, a brain region that is especially sensitive to the effects of chronic stress (for a review, see Woon et al, 2010). Not surprisingly, hippocampal abnormalities have been linked to cognitive and affective disruptions that characterize PTSD (Bremner, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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White Matter Integrity in Highly Traumatized Adults With and Without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Fani

King

Jovanović

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

116

113

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Prior structural imaging studies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have observed smaller volumes of the hippocampus and cingulate cortex, yet little is known about the integrity of white matter connections between these structures in PTSD samples. The few published studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure white matter integrity in PTSD have described individuals with focal trauma rather than chronically stressed individuals, which limits generalization of findings to this population; in addition, these studies have lacked traumatized comparison groups without PTSD. The present DTI study examined microstructural integrity of white matter tracts in a sample of highly traumatized African-American women with (n ¼ 25) and without (n ¼ 26) PTSD using a tract-based spatial statistical approach, with threshold-free cluster enhancement. Our findings indicated that, relative to comparably traumatized controls, decreased integrity (measured by fractional anisotropy) of the posterior cingulum was observed in participants with PTSD (po0.05). These findings indicate that reduced microarchitectural integrity of the cingulum, a white matter fiber that connects the entorhinal and cingulate cortices, appears to be associated with PTSD symptomatology. The role of this pathway in problems that characterize PTSD, such as inadequate extinction of learned fear, as well as attention and explicit memory functions, are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Matter Integrity in Highly Traumatized Adults With and Without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Fani

King

Jovanović

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

116

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Smaller hippocampal volume (partially) mediated the effect of CM on adolescent depression during a 5-year follow-up (Rao et al, 2010) and behavioural problems in children (Hanson, Nacewicz, et al, 2015). Larger hippocampal volumes, on the other hand, have been related to CM in healthy samples, suggesting a possible marker of resilient functioning (Mehta et al, 2009;Morey et al, 2016;Thomaes et al, 2010;Nim Tottenham et al, 2010;. Indeed, CM was not related with hippocampal volume reductions in resilient adults (i.e.…”

Section: Brain Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The complex neurobiology of resilient functioning after child maltreatment

Ioannidis¹,

Askelund²,

Kievit³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Childhood Maltreatment (CM) has been associated with significant impairment of social, emotional and behavioural functioning in later life. Nevertheless, some individuals who have experienced CM seem to function better than expected. Here, we provide an integrated understanding of the complex interrelated mechanisms that facilitate such resilient functioning after CM. We show that resilient functioning after CM may be characterized by improved reward, emotion, and stress processing in MPFC and Limbic regions, lower cortisol and inflammatory responses, poly-genetic influences, and supportive environments. As these factors are inextricably intertwined, future resilience studies should investigate multiple levels of biological organization and their temporal dynamics. We further provide a method for such studies to appropriately quantify resilient functioning as functioning across multiple domains conditional on the severity of CM experiences. We hope that our perspective fuels further research in the complex neurobiological mechanisms that facilitate resilient functioning after CM.

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“…Some structural and functional imaging studies report intriguing brain alterations associated with a history of child abuse including but not limited to the anterior cingulate and midcingulate cortices [23][24][25]. It is surprising, therefore, that no efforts have been made to reverse translate key issues into an experimental animal model.…”

Section: Human Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse translation of child abuse to an animal model

Vogt¹

2017

Med Res Innov

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Reduced Anterior Cingulate and Orbitofrontal Volumes in Child Abuse–Related Complex PTSD

Abstract: In complex PTSD, not only the hippocampus and the ACC but also the OFC seem to be affected, even in the absence of comorbid borderline personality disorder. These results suggest that neural correlates of complex PTSD are more severe than those of classic PTSD.

Cited by 152 publications

References 0 publications

White Matter Integrity in Highly Traumatized Adults With and Without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

White Matter Integrity in Highly Traumatized Adults With and Without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

The complex neurobiology of resilient functioning after child maltreatment

Reverse translation of child abuse to an animal model

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