Reduced blood flow in abdominal viscera measured by Doppler ultrasound during one-legged knee extension

Abstract

The redistribution of blood flow (BF) in the abdominal viscera during right-legged knee extension-flexion exercise at very low intensity [peak heart rate (HR), 76 beats/min] was examined by using Doppler ultrasound. While sitting, subjects performed a right-legged knee extension-flexion exercise every 6 s for 20 min. BF was measured in the upper abdominal aorta (Ao), right common femoral artery (RCFA), and left common femoral artery (LCFA). Visceral BF (BFVis) was determined by the equation [BFAo - (BFRCFA + BFLCFA)]. A comparison with the change in BF (DeltaBF) preexercise showed a greater increase in DeltaBFRCFA than in DeltaBFAo during exercise. This resulted in a reduction of BFVis to 56% of its preexercise value or a decrease in flow by 1,147 +/- 293 (+/-SE) ml/min at the peak workload. Oxygen consumption correlated positively with DeltaBFAo, DeltaBFRCFA, and DeltaBFLCFA but inversely with DeltaBFVis during exercise and recovery. Furthermore, BFVis (% of preexercise value) correlated inversely with both an increase in HR (r = -0.89), and percent peak oxygen consumption (r = -0.99). This study demonstrated that, even during very-low-intensity exercise (HR <90 beats/min), there was a significant shift in BF from the viscera to the exercising muscles.

Significant lowering of plasma ghrelin but not des-acyl ghrelin in response to acute exercise in men

“…Exercise, especially intense exercise, can lead to a variety of gastrointestinal abnormalities, such as abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea [41,42]. Exercise induces the development of reduced blood flow in the gastric mucosa in an exercise intensity dependent manner [41,42]. We hypothesize that this exercise-induced ghrelin suppression may be related, at least in part, to gastric mucosal ischemia.…”

“…We suspect that ghrelin suppression by exercise may reflect the diminution of hunger sensations experienced during and after vigorous exercise. Exercise, especially intense exercise, can lead to a variety of gastrointestinal abnormalities, such as abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea [41,42]. Exercise induces the development of reduced blood flow in the gastric mucosa in an exercise intensity dependent manner [41,42].…”

Effects of Walking for Health Promotion on Oxygen Consumption in Nonexercising Muscle

“…Another reason is that V · O 2pul was kept at a constant level because energy metabolism in sites other than skeletal muscles during exercise may be decreased. For example, it is well known that blood flow in viscera is decreased during exercise (Perko et al, 1998;Osada et al, 1999); thus, along with such decrease, the energy metabolism in viscera may be decreased during the present walking exercise.…”

Determination of Limb Hemodynamics During Rhythmical Muscle Contractions Assessed by Doppler Ultrasound

“…V mean was defined by averaging the mean blood velocity trace (Osada & Rådegran, 2002;Rådegran, 1997). V max was defined as the maximum outer envelope (Leyk et al, 1992;Osada et al, 1999;Osada et al, 2003). The V max obtained in the present study was expressed as the blood velocity measured at the center of the vessel.…”

“…The diameters were measured under perpendicular insonation at rest before exercise. The value of the vessel diameter at rest (pre-exercise) was used to calculate femoral arterial blood flow during rest and during one-legged, dynamic knee extensor, since the diameter does not significantly vary between rest and steady-state exercise (Hughson et al, 1997;Isnard et al, 1996;Leyk et al, www.intechopen.com 1992; MacDonald et al, 1998;Osada et al, 1999;Rådegran, 1997). Steady-state leg blood flow was calculated by multiplying the cross-sectional area [Area =   (vessel diameter/2) 2 ] of the femoral artery, with the angle corrected, time and space-averaged, and amplitude (signal intensity) weighted mean-blood velocity, where blood flow = mean-blood velocity  cross sectional area.…”