Reduced body weight or increased muscle quality: Which is more important for improving physical function following exercise and weight loss in overweight and obese older women?

Straight, Chad R.; Berg, Alison; Reed, Rachelle A.; Johnson, Mary Ann; Evans, Ellen M.

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.011

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…These types of physical activity are more likely to be performed by women. These data are consistent with previous researches in USA that reported the effectiveness of weight loss intervention in improving physical function and preventing future physical disability in obese older adults (21,44,49,50) . Additionally, a previous qualitative study in UK (2019) revealed acceptance of weight management as an important issue that has significant impact on physical and mental health (51) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Nursing Intervention on Weight Loss of Obese Older Adults

Elmawla

Boughdady

Radwan

2019

Alexandria Scientific Nursing Journal

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Nursing Intervention on Weight Loss of Obese Older Adults

Elmawla

Boughdady

Radwan

2019

Alexandria Scientific Nursing Journal

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“…It is important therefore to reverse decreases in muscle contractile function to maintain quality of life and prevent complicating pathophysiological conditions in obese subjects, particularly with increasing age (37). Exercise is one of the most promising approaches both to mediate weight loss and maintain muscle function (34). Our data show, in zebrafish, that short periods of daily aerobic exercise may not be sufficient to preserve muscle quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…High intensity exercise, with several short sessions per week on a stationary bicycle for 6 -8 wk, improved several metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, such as decreased blood glucose levels, improved insulin response, and reduced blood pressure, in obese humans compared with nonexercised controls (9,19). Weight loss intervention combined with a multicomponent exercise program comprising endurance and resistance exercise as well as flexibility improved knee extensor muscle quality in overweight and obese older women (34). Similarly, the combination of aerobic and strength exercise following bariatric surgery facilitated weight loss and improved performance (6,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Increased physical activity does not improve obesity-induced decreases in muscle quality in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Seebacher

James

2019

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Obesity has a negative effect on muscle contractile function, and the effects of obesity are not reversed by weight loss. It is therefore important to determine how muscle function can be restored, and exercise is the most promising approach. We tested the hypothesis (in zebrafish, Danio rerio) that moderate aerobic exercise (forced swimming for 30 min/day, raising metabolic rates to at least twice resting levels) will alleviate the negative effects of obesity on muscle function. We allocated zebrafish randomly to experimental treatments in a fully factorial design with diet treatment [three levels: lean control, diet-induced obese, obese followed by weight loss (obese-lean)], and exercise (exercise and sedentary control) as independent factors. Treatments were conducted for 10 wk, and we measured locomotor performance, isolated muscle mechanics, and myosin heavy chain composition. Obesity led to decreased muscle force production per unit area ( P = 0.01), and slowed muscle contraction ( P = 0.004) and relaxation rates ( P = 0.02). These effects were not reversible by weight loss or exercise. However, at the level implemented in our experimental animals, neither diet nor exercise affected swimming performance or myosin heavy chain concentrations. The moderate levels of exercise we implemented therefore are not sufficient to reverse the effects of obesity on muscle function, and higher intensity or a combination of modes of exercise may be necessary to improve muscle quality during obesity and following weight loss. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obesity can have a negative effect on muscle function and thereby compromise mobility. Even though aerobic exercise has many physiological benefits in obese and normal-weight individuals, we show that in zebrafish aerobic exercise does not improve obesity-induced reductions in muscle contractile function. A combination between different modes of exercise may be more effective than aerobic exercise alone.

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“…46,47 However, strength training has been shown to independently contribute to reduced risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older women 48 and to promote physical function through prevention of sarcopenia. 29,49 It is of note that the SHHC study found that physical activity was the primary factor driving weight loss since kilocalories consumed showed no significant changes between groups post intervention (baseline: 1785.6 kcal control, 1762.7 kcal intervention; post-intervention: 1582.3 kcal control, 1592.6 kcal intervention). 50 These findings differ from most lifestyle modification studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities Intervention on Functional Fitness of Rural Women

Pullyblank

Strogatz

Folta

et al. 2019

The Journal of Rural Health

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Purpose-The purposes of these analyses were to determine whether Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities (SHHC), a multi-level, cardiovascular disease risk reduction program for overweight, sedentary rural women aged 40 or older, led to improved functional fitness; and if changes in fitness accounted for weight loss associated with program participation.Methods-Sixteen rural communities were randomized to receive the SHHC intervention or a control program. Both programs involved groups of 12-16 participants. The SHHC program met one hour twice a week for 24 weeks where participants engaged in aerobic exercise and progressive strength training. Program content addressed diet and social and environmental influences on heart-healthy behavior. The control group met one hour each month for 6 months, covering current dietary and physical activity recommendations. Objective measures of functional fitness included the 30-second arm curl, 30-second chair stand and 2-minute step test. Selfreported functional fitness was measured by the Physical Functioning Subscale of the MOS Short Form-36 (SF-36 PF).Findings-The SHHC program was associated with increased strength and endurance, as represented by greater improvement in the chair stand and step test; and with increased physical function, as represented by the SF-36 PF. Adjustment for change in aerobic endurance, as measured by the step test, accounted for two-thirds of the intervention effect on weight loss at the end of the intervention.

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Reduced body weight or increased muscle quality: Which is more important for improving physical function following exercise and weight loss in overweight and obese older women?

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Effect of Nursing Intervention on Weight Loss of Obese Older Adults

Effect of Nursing Intervention on Weight Loss of Obese Older Adults

Increased physical activity does not improve obesity-induced decreases in muscle quality in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Effects of the Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities Intervention on Functional Fitness of Rural Women

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