Reduced Bone Mass in 7-Year-Old Children with Asymptomatic Idiopathic Hypercalciuria

Abstract

Background: Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC), i.e. an elevated urinary calcium excretion without concomitant hypercalcemia, is a common disorder in children and can have a range of urinary clinical presentations and decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Aim: To assess the effect of IHC on bone mineral content in children without urological symptoms. Methods: Calcium excretion, BMD (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and anthropometry were assessed in 175 seven-year-old children who were classified as IHC or controls. Calcium intake and physical activity were measured as confounding factors. Results: The prevalence of IHC was 17.7%. Both groups (controls and IHC) showed similar baseline characteristics in terms of their anthropometry, gender distribution, and protein and calcium dietary intakes as well as physical activity scores. Urinary calciuria was independent of the calcium dietary intake and anthropometry. BMD correlated with anthropometry and physical activity but not with calcium dietary intake. IHC children had lower whole-body BMD z-scores compared to controls. The role of IHC in reducing the whole-body BMD z-score was still significant even when anthropometry, physical activity, and calcium intake were included as confounders in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: The prevalence of IHC in this population of 7-year-old children was about 17%. IHC diagnosis was associated with lower BMD z-scores and osteopenia in 22% of them.

Prevalence of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children with urinary system related symptoms attending a pediatric hospital in Bandar Abbas in 2014

“…Balestracci et al have reported the prevalence of 20% for idiopathic hypercalciuria among children with urinary tract infection (12). Also, the association of idiopathic hypercalciuria and reduced bone mineral density is suggested by some researchers (13, 14). It is shown that dietary interventions may reduce the complications of idiopathic hypercalciuria (15).…”

Influence of Feeding Types during the First Months of Life on Calciuria Levels in Healthy Infants: A Secondary Analysis from a Randomized Clinical Trial

“…Long-term increased urinary calcium excretion may affect health outcomes, such as bone mass accretion [1] and urolithiasis risk [2,3]. Normal ranges of calciuria have been widely studied in adults and children [4,5,6], but few data exist in infants younger than 6 months.…”

Ingesta de calcio en la población española. Predicción del consumo de alimentos enriquecidos en calcio en función de la percepción de las Declaraciones de Salud en la Comunidad Universitaria de Valladolid

“…Different study designs have been found: descriptive cross sectional studies [6, 11-19, 23-25, 28, 30-33, 36-38, 40, 41], cross sectional studies with control group [21,22,34,44], case-control studies [10,20,29,43], randomized controlled trial [27,35,39], cohort studies [9,26,45,46], one prospective study [42], and four PhD Studies [47][48][49][50].…”

“…Concerning the first concept, 5 FFQ were quantitative [34,44] or semi-quantitative [22,35,40] ranging from 54 to 140 items. The time-specific period varies by being annual [29,43] or monthly [20,21].…”

“…between 4 and 9 years of age, recommendations are made in the Spanish RDI tables considering different age ranges from those of EFSA. Seven studies have been reviewed to find out the calcium intake in children between 4 and 9 years old [6,20,32,33,[44][45][46] (Table 4). Zaragoza-Jordana et al [48] report calcium intakes in children of 4,5,6, and 8 years old.…”