Reduced cingulate glutamate/glutamine-to-creatine ratios in adult patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder – A magnet resonance spectroscopy study

Perlov, Evgeniy; Philipsen, Alexandra; Heßlinger, Bernd; Buechert, Martin; Ahrendts, Johannes; Feige, Bernd; Bubl, Emanuel; Hennig, Jürgen; Ebert, Dieter; Elst, Ludger Tebartz van

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.12.007

Cited by 80 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The anterior cingulate cortex is active in situations that demand attention; however, little is known about anterior cingulate or midline prefrontal cortex neurochemistry in ADHD patients. One study did demonstrate an inverse association of ADHD with creatine and another with qualitative levels of glutamate and glutamine in these brain regions (37,38). Additional studies of midline cortical neurochemistry could contribute more broadly to our understanding of mechanisms of attention.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical correlates of neuropsychiatric illness in maple syrup urine disease

Muelly¹,

Moore²,

Bunce³

et al. 2013

J. Clin. Invest.

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Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inherited disorder of branched chain amino acid metabolism presenting with neonatal encephalopathy, episodic metabolic decompensation, and chronic amino acid imbalances. Dietary management enables survival and reduces risk of acute crises. Liver transplantation has emerged as an effective way to eliminate acute decompensation risk. Psychiatric illness is a reported MSUD complication, but has not been well characterized and remains poorly understood. We report the prevalence and characteristics of neuropsychiatric problems among 37 classical MSUD patients (ages 5-35 years, 26 on dietary therapy, 11 after liver transplantation) and explore their underlying mechanisms. Compared with 26 age-matched controls, MSUD patients were at higher risk for disorders of cognition, attention, and mood. Using quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found lower brain glutamate, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and creatine concentrations in MSUD patients, which correlated with specific neuropsychiatric outcomes. Asymptomatic neonatal course and stringent longitudinal biochemical control proved fundamental to optimizing long-term mental health. Neuropsychiatric morbidity and neurochemistry were similar among transplanted and nontransplanted MSUD patients. In conclusion, amino acid dysregulation results in aberrant neural networks with neurochemical deficiencies that persist after transplant and correlate with neuropsychiatric morbidities. These findings may provide insight into general mechanisms of psychiatric illness.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical correlates of neuropsychiatric illness in maple syrup urine disease

Muelly¹,

Moore²,

Bunce³

et al. 2013

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…For example, MRS has been used with some success to identify biochemical abnormalities in ADHD (Bush et al, 2005;Carrey et al, 2003;Courvoisie et al, 2004;Jin et al, 2001;Kronenberg et al, 2008;MacMaster et al, 2003;Perlov et al, 2007Perlov et al, , 2008Sun et al, 2005;Yeo et al, 2003), but has been limited because of previous requirements that restricted (Duzel et al, 2009;Goldstein et al, 2009). Improved PET receptor characterization studies would permit in vivo dopamine receptor identification, which could synergistically improve functional and connectivity studies by refining our understanding of neuromodulatory effects.…”

Section: Multimodal Imaging and Technique Refinementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

Bush

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

301

251

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Research attempting to elucidate the neuropathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not only shed light on the disorder itself, it has simultaneously provided new insights into the mechanisms of normal cognition and attention. This review will highlight and integrate this bidirectional flow of information. Following a brief overview of ADHD clinical phenomenology, ADHD studies will be placed into a wider historical perspective by providing illustrative examples of how major models of attention have influenced the development of neurocircuitry models of ADHD. The review will then identify major components of neural systems potentially relevant to ADHD, including attention networks, reward/feedbackbased processing systems, as well as a 'default mode' resting state network. Further, it will suggest ways in which these systems may interact and be influenced by neuromodulatory factors. Recent ADHD imaging data will be selectively provided to both illustrate the field's current level of knowledge and to show how such data can inform our understanding of normal brain functions. The review will conclude by suggesting possible avenues for future research.

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“…2016; 17 (9):e40019. (36). Recent studies have shown evidence for a significant reduction of the combined glutamate/glutamine to creatine ratio in the right anterior cingulate cortex in patients with ADHD (37) and striate glutamate, glutamate/glutamine, and creatine concentrations were higher in ADHD subjects than in control subjects, providing evidence of a striatal creatine/glutamatergic deregulation in ADHD patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%