Reduced contrast sensitivity among older women is associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment

Ward, Michael E.; Gelfand, Jeffrey M.; Lui, Li‐Yung; Ou, Yvonne; Green, Ari J.; Stone, Katie L.; Pedula, Kathryn L.; Cummings, Steven R.; Yaffe, Kristine

doi:10.1002/ana.25196

Cited by 63 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with our previous results, which indicated that the integrity of the visual and sensorimotor networks is associated with the participants' general cognitive performance during healthy aging (Bagarinao et al, 2019). In a prospective study of older women, Ward et al (2018) have also demonstrated that participants with reduced visual function were associated with greater risk of dementia. Physical exercise has also been shown to help improved cognitive function through increased involvement of motorrelated networks (Ji et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Aging Impacts the Overall Connectivity Strength of Regions Critical for Information Transfer Among Brain Networks

Bagarinao

Watanabe

Maesawa

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that connector hubs, regions considered critical for the flow of information across neural systems, are mostly involved in neurodegenerative dementia. Considering that aging can significantly affect the brain's intrinsic connectivity, identifying aging's impact on these regions' overall connection strength is important to differentiate changes associated with healthy aging from neurodegenerative disorders. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a carefully selected cohort of 175 healthy volunteers aging from 21 to 86 years old, we computed an intrinsic connectivity contrast (ICC) metric, which quantifies a region's overall connectivity strength, for whole brain, short-range, and long-range connections and examined agerelated changes of this metric over the adult lifespan. We have identified a limited number of hub regions with ICC values that showed significant negative relationship with age. These include the medial precentral/midcingulate gyri and insula with both their shortrange and long-range (and thus whole-brain) ICC values negatively associated with age, and the angular, middle frontal, and posterior cingulate gyri with their long-range ICC values mainly involved. Seed-based connectivity analyses further confirmed that these regions are connector hubs with connectivity profile that strongly overlapped with multiple large-scale brain networks. General cognitive performance was not associated with these hubs' ICC values. These findings suggest that even healthy aging could negatively impact the efficiency of regions critical for facilitating information transfer among different functional brain networks. The extent of the regions involved, however, was limited.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Aging Impacts the Overall Connectivity Strength of Regions Critical for Information Transfer Among Brain Networks

Bagarinao

Watanabe

Maesawa

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Sensory impairments, including hearing, vision, and olfaction, affect up to 65% of older adults (1). Several prospective studies have found that sensory impairments are individually associated with increased risk of mortality (2,3) and dementia (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Sensory impairment may be a marker of underlying neurodegeneration (6), or a consequence of the same disease processes as those affecting cognition, such as cerebrovascular disease (11)(12)(13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sensory Impairment Is Associated With Increased Risk of Dementia Among Black and White Older Adults

Brenowitz

Kaup

Lin

et al. 2018

The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

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103

130

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Background: Few studies have examined impairment in multiple senses (multisensory impairment) and risk of dementia in comparison to having a single or no sensory impairment. Methods: We studied 1,810 black and white nondemented participants from Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study aged 70-79 years at enrollment. Sensory impairment was determined at our study baseline (Year 3-5 of Health ABC) using established cut points for vision (Bailey-Lovie visual acuity and Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test), hearing (audiometric testing), smell (12-item Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test), and touch (peripheral nerve function tests). Incident dementia over 10 years of follow-up was based on hospitalization records, dementia medications, or at least 1.5 SD decline in Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score (race-specific). Cox proportional hazard models with adjustment for demographics, health behaviors, and health conditions evaluated the relationship between risk of dementia and increasing number of sensory impairments. Results: Sensory impairments were common: 28% had visual impairment, 35% had hearing loss, 22% had poor smell, 12% had touch insensitivity; 26% had more than two impairments, and 5.6% had more than three sensory impairments. Number of impairments was associated with risk of dementia in a graded fashion (p < .001). Compared to no sensory impairments, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.98) for one sensory impairment, 1.91 (95% CI: 1.39, 2.63) for two sensory impairments, and 2.85 (95% CI: 1.88, 4.30) for more than three sensory impairments. Conclusions: Multisensory impairment was strongly associated with increased risk of dementia. Although, the nature of this relationship needs further investigation, sensory function assessment in multiple domains may help identify patients at high risk of dementia.

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“…These deficits in MCI and subjective cognitive decline have been associated with increased amyloid and tau cortical deposition in temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and are significant predictors of amyloid and tau presence on imaging (Risacher et al, 2020). Since contrast sensitivity deficits have been shown to precede the clinical onset of dementia (Ward et al, 2018), these results suggest that contrast sensitivity may be a good biomarker of preclinical and early AD pathophysiology.…”

Section: Contrast Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease

Masurkar

Balcer

2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Vision, which requires extensive neural involvement, is often impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the last few decades, accumulating evidence has shown that various visual functions and structures are compromised in Alzheimer's dementia and when measured can detect those with dementia from those with normal aging. These visual changes involve both the afferent and efferent parts of the visual system, which correspond to the sensory and eye movement aspects of vision, respectively. There are fewer, but a growing number of studies, that focus on the detection of predementia stages. Visual biomarkers that detect these stages are paramount in the development of successful disease-modifying therapies by identifying appropriate research participants and in identifying those who would receive future therapies. This review provides a summary and update on common afferent and efferent visual markers of AD with a focus on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preclinical disease detection. We further propose future directions in this area. Given the ease of performing visual tests, the accessibility of the eye, and advances in ocular technology, visual measures have the potential to be effective, practical, and non-invasive biomarkers of AD.

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Reduced contrast sensitivity among older women is associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment

Cited by 63 publications

References 42 publications

Aging Impacts the Overall Connectivity Strength of Regions Critical for Information Transfer Among Brain Networks

Aging Impacts the Overall Connectivity Strength of Regions Critical for Information Transfer Among Brain Networks

Multiple Sensory Impairment Is Associated With Increased Risk of Dementia Among Black and White Older Adults

Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease

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