Reduced fire hazards of expandable polystyrene building materials via intumescent flame-retardant coatings

Shao, Xingling; Du, Yuqian; Zheng, Xingfu; Wang, Jingchao; Wang, Yuchao; Zhao, Shuai; Xin, Zhenxiang

doi:10.1007/s10853-020-04548-z

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…MXene is a new type of two-dimensional nanomaterial with large surface areas, good thermal stability, smoke suppression, mechanical properties, etc., which makes MXene an ideal flame-retardant nanoadditive for polymer nanocomposites [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. At the same time, the surface of MXene has a variety of functional groups attached, which enables MXene potential to be organically modified on the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foams by Polyacrylamide/MXene Hydrogel Nanocomposite Coating

Chen

Yang

2022

IJMS

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Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has been widely used in many fields, but its high flammability and frequent release of large amounts of toxic smoke during combustion limit its application. Hydrogel coatings, as a kind of environmentally friendly material, contain large amounts of water, which is beneficial to flame retardance of RPUF. MXene, as a two-dimensional inorganic nanomaterial, possesses a large specific surface area and good thermal stability, performing well in smoke suppression and as a physical barrier for flammable gas products and heat. Herein, to address the fire hazards of RPUF, MXene nanosheets were first grafted with double bonds, and then introduced into a polyacrylamide hydrogel system by radical polymerization to prepare MXene-based hydrogel coating (PAAm-MXene). The flame-retardant RPUF (coated RPUF) was prepared by painting the PAAm-MXene coating onto RPUF surface. The dispersion of modified MXene nanosheets (m-MXene) in hydrogels is improved compared with pristine MXene, and the addition of m-MXene contributes to the thermal stability enhancement of PAAm-MXene. Cone calorimetry, water retention test, and open flame combustion test were used to study the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and water retention of flame-retardant RPUF. The coated RPUF exhibited significant flame retardancy, including reduced peak heat release rate (pHRR) at a maximum by 25.8%, and total heat release rate (THR) at a maximum by 24.6%, and total smoke production at a maximum by 38.9%. The results show that both MXene and m-MXene can improve the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and water retention of hydrogels, but m-MXene has a better smoke suppression effect than MXene. That can be ascribed to the better dispersion of m-MXene than pristine MXene. The detailed performance improvement mechanisms are proposed. This work will not only improve the flame retardancy of RPUF, but also promotes the exploration of new flame-retardant strategies for RPUF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foams by Polyacrylamide/MXene Hydrogel Nanocomposite Coating

Chen

Yang

2022

IJMS

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“…These materials are used in a wide range of application spaces, but each perform cone calorimetry that provides flammability data to compare against. These TA-containing literature composites show powerful flammability reduction in their respective Coated E20C5T2 [31] 3 ± 0.6 319 ± 10 185 ± 7 1.7 ± 0.3 62 ± 2 N/A N/A 1.0 [34] 80.0 ± 8.8 704.0 ± 63.4 N/A N/A 75.0 ± 6.7 N/A N/A EPS/ATG20 [15] 227 201.4 ± 4.3 252 0.8 9.0 ± 1.1 N/A N/A ABS/SS35 [35] 33 ± 5 368 ± 7 N/A N/A 96 N/A N/A NR@AGT60 [10] 58 436.8 160.7 2.76 94.8 5.33 17.8…”

Section: Quantitative Flammability Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 300 μm coating was reported to improve the UL‐94 rating from a failing rank to V‐0 and decrease peak heat release rate by approximately 54% (435.6–201.4 kW/m 2 ), all while maintaining the insulation utility of expanded polystyrene foams measured by similar thermal conductivities (0.048 W/mK control to 0.053 W/mK sample system). [ 15 ] The third and final example discussed here is that of Silveira et al in which black wattle tannin was incorporated in to epoxy‐based resins alongside various concentrations of boric acid, melamine, and the organophosphorus flame retardant known as 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxy‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide. This mixture was coated on steel plates, cured, and exposed to a blow torch to obtain time–temperature plots up to 30 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannic acid based super‐intumescent coatings for prolonged fire protection of cardboard and wood

et al. 2021

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Tannic acid (TA) has gained increased attention in recent years for its application in fire safety due to its natural abundance and char‐forming ability. In this paper, TA‐based composites were developed and evaluated against control composites containing pentaerythritol (PER), a common intumescent char‐forming agent. Individual component analysis was performed to provide a fundamental material understanding, followed by compounding in epoxy resin with other intumescent ingredients for intumescent testing (especially compared against PER control). In all TA systems, time to failure was elongated from seconds or minutes to over 15 min (up to 27 min). Quantitative analysis followed using cone calorimetry. TA composites displayed lower peak heat release values (211 vs. 108 kW/m2), lower total heat release values (37.2 vs. 24.4 MJ/m2), and lower fire growth rates (2.43 vs. 1.27 kW/m2s−1) relative to PER composites. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that TA char is more carbonaceous, containing 54.71 at% C (relative to only 39.63 at% C in PER char). This work presents TA‐containing composites that offer superior fire protection as compared to previous reports using TA composites and hence offer significant advancement in fire protection related and packaging industries.

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“…Figure 12 presents a possible flame‐retardant mechanism, closely related to the gas‐phase and condensed‐phase synergism of SiAPP and rGO. Under the heating condition, PS/SiAPP/rGO composites evolve into continuous and compact barrier layer to prolong the degradation of polymer 54,55 . Meanwhile, SiAPP is a phosphorus‐containing flame retardant that can act as acid source and gaseous source for formation of char residues 32,56 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced assembly of polystyrene composites for simultaneously improving flame retardant and electromagnetic shielding properties

Gao

Shi

Zhu

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polystyrene/silicon wrapped ammonium polyphosphate/reduced graphene oxide (PS/SiAPP/rGO) composites with satisfactory flame retardant and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties were prepared by the approaches of filtration induced assembly and hot‐pressing. The results indicated that the SiAPP and rGO exhibited good dispersivity in the PS matrix. The introduction of the SiAPP and rGO promoted the thermal and fire‐safe performances of PS composites. Moreover, the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of the PS containing 10 wt% SiAPP and 10 wt% rGO were reduced by 47.2% and 30.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the EMI shielding performance could reach 10 dB. It was proposed that that the SiAPP and rGO promoted the formation of more continuous and compact char residues besides the capture of free radicals, that is, •H and •OH which improved the flame retardant performance of PS. In addition, the multiple reflect and adsorption contributed to enhanced EMI shielding property. Therefore, the assembled PS/SiAPP/rGO system will offer a new approach to broaden the application of PS.

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Reduced fire hazards of expandable polystyrene building materials via intumescent flame-retardant coatings

Cited by 40 publications

References 55 publications

Enhanced Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foams by Polyacrylamide/MXene Hydrogel Nanocomposite Coating

Enhanced Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foams by Polyacrylamide/MXene Hydrogel Nanocomposite Coating

Tannic acid based super‐intumescent coatings for prolonged fire protection of cardboard and wood

Induced assembly of polystyrene composites for simultaneously improving flame retardant and electromagnetic shielding properties

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