Reduced Functioning After Hospitalization for COVID-19 Infection

Abstract

Background and Purpose: COVID-19 infection is associated with persistent physical problems, and approximately 2% of the >100 million people in the United States with COVID-19 infection have required hospitalization. The purpose of this review is to identify problems with activity and participation persisting during the first 6 months after hospitalization for COVID-19. Methods: A comprehensive search of 5 bibliographic databases was performed for cohort studies examining activity limitations and participation restrictions assessed within 6 months of hospitalization in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full text to determine eligibility. Study methodological quality was assessed using the SIGN Methodology Checklist 3. Study methods, design, and participant outcomes were extracted. Results were summarized in narrative synthesis, and meta-analysis was conducted for 6-minute walk test. Results: Titles (n = 2670) were screened, and 26 acceptable to high-quality studies satisfied all eligibility criteria. Within the first 6 months following hospitalization for COVID-19 people experienced activity limitations and participation restrictions, including 16% reduction in 6-minute walk test distance (compared to age and gender-matched norms) and 59% return to employment rate. Discussion and Conclusion: The first 6 months following hospitalization for COVID-19 infection are associated with significant reductions in exercise capacity and return to work. Problems associated with post-intensive care syndrome cannot be ruled out as contributing to these findings. Recognition of these problems is essential and should inform hospital discharge planning and rehabilitation services.