Reduced Glutathione for the Treatment of Anemia during Hemodialysis: A Preliminary Communication

Zachée, Pierre; Ferrant, Augustin; Daelemans, R.; Goossens, Willy; Boogaerts, M. A.; Lins, R.L.

doi:10.1159/000188741

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It was reported that tissue GSH levels and the activities of GSH-Rd and GSH-Px, which are critical constituents of GSH-redox cycle, were significantly reduced because of oxidative stress and the authors propose that impairment of antioxidant defense mechanisms may permit enhanced free radical induced tissue damage [13,25]. In the present study, the decrease in tissue GSH levels in CRF group, which is in agreement with the previous studies [39,40], may be due to its consumption during the oxidative stress induced by CRF. Melatonin, which is a well-known free radical scavenger and a stimulator of several antioxidative enzymes (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Melatonin ameliorates chronic renal failure‐induced oxidative organ damage in rats

Şener

Paskaloǧlu

Toklu

et al. 2004

Journal of Pineal Research

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Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, was recently found to be a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to examine the role of melatonin in protecting the aorta, heart, corpus cavernosum, lung, diaphragm, and kidney tissues against oxidative damage in a rat model of CRF, which was induced by five of six nephrectomy. Male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to either the CRF group or the sham-operated control group, which had received saline or melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 4 wk. CRF was evaluated by serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level and creatinine measurements. Aorta and corporeal tissues were used for contractility studies, or stored along with heart, lung, diaphragm, and kidney tissues for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), protein carbonylation (PC, an index for protein oxidation), and glutathione (GSH) levels (a key antioxidant). Plasma MDA, PC, and GSH levels and erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were studied to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status in CRF. In the CRF group, the contraction and the relaxation of aorta and corpus cavernosum samples decreased significantly compared with controls (P < 0.05-0.001). Melatonin treatment of the CRF group restored these responses. In the CRF group, there were significant increases in tissue MDA and PC levels in all tissues with marked reductions in GSH levels compared with controls (P < 0.05-0.001). In the plasma, while MDA and PC levels increased, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities were reduced. Melatonin treatment reversed these effects as well. In this study, the increase in MDA and PC levels and the concomitant decrease in GSH levels of tissues and plasma and also SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities of plasma demonstrate the role of oxidative mechanisms in CRF-induced tissue damage, and melatonin, via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, ameliorates oxidative organ injury. CRF-induced dysfunction of the aorta and corpus cavernosum of rats was reversed by melatonin treatment. Thus, supplementing CRF patients with adjuvant therapy of melatonin may have some benefit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Melatonin ameliorates chronic renal failure‐induced oxidative organ damage in rats

Şener

Paskaloǧlu

Toklu

et al. 2004

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…[9,10] A higher level of GSH in red cells of uremic patients found in our study could play a protective role due to hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in those patients. [11] De Vega et al [1] found a significant decrease in GSH concentration 2 days after renal transplantation followed by its increase within 2 weeks. In our study, we did not observe any differences in GSH concentration within a month after surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities in Blood of Patients in Early Stages Following Kidney Transplantation

et al. 2005

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This study focuses on glutathione (GSH) level in red blood cells, as well as on glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px) activities in red blood cells and in plasma of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients following renal transplantation. We want to focus our main attention on plasma GSH-Px, the selenoenzyme that is synthesized primarily in the kidney. In CRF patients, activity of this enzyme is significantly reduced, and the reduction decreases with the progress of the disease, reaching in the end-stage 20% to 30% of the activity of healthy patients. We have shown that following renal transplantation the activity of plasma GSH-Px is restored very rapidly, and 2 weeks after surgery it reached the value of the control group. Red blood cell GSH level is significantly higher in CRF patients, and following transplantation, no significant changes were observed. Red blood cell GSH-Px activity before transplantation was the same as in healthy patients and did not change significantly after surgery.

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“…Previous studies have proved that the antioxidant effect of α-tocopherol contributes to the preservation of GSH stability through the maintenance of sulfhydryl bonds [23,24], while the oxidation of α-tocopherol can be reversed by cellular GSH [25]. Exogenous GSH given intravenously as an antioxidant at the end of each HD session could minimize oxidative damage to the RBCs and reduce the rhEPO requirements in patients on long-term HD [26]. RBC survival time (measured with 51 chromium half-life) was increased and anemia improved during exogenous GSH treatment, but rapidly dropped to pretreatment values when GSH was discontinued [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E alleviates the oxidative stress of erythropoietin in uremic children on hemodialysis

Németh¹,

Túri²,

Haszon³

et al. 2000

Pediatric Nephrology

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The efficacy of combined therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and vitamin E versus rhEPO alone in the treatment of anemia was examined in children (n = 10, aged 15.2 +/- 3.2 years) on chronic hemodialysis at the restart of rhEPO therapy after a 4-week interval. The results confirmed that rhEPO induced oxidative stress of the red blood cells as observed during the first rhEPO therapy. Vitamin E (15 mg/kg per day per os) was introduced after 2 weeks of rhEPO monotherapy, when the signs of acute oxidative stress appeared. The level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) increased from 8.9 +/- 3.1 to 26.7 +/- 5.7 nmol/g hemoglobin (Hb) by that time. After 2 weeks of simultaneous vitamin E treatment, there was a significant difference in GSSG values compared with rhEPO monotherapy (10.1 +/- 3.9 vs. 56.7 +/- 15.8 nmol/g Hb, P < 0.001). A considerable decrease was observed in the previously high ratio of GSSG/reduced glutathione (GSH), an indicator of oxidative stress, and the level of carboxyhemoglobin, indicating hemolysis. A significant increase in Hb and hematocrit (P < 0.01) was achieved within 2 weeks of starting the combined therapy, while similar results occurred only at the 8th and 5th weeks without vitamin E. Antioxidant vitamin E supplementation improved the therapeutic effect of rhEPO in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis.

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Reduced Glutathione for the Treatment of Anemia during Hemodialysis: A Preliminary Communication

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Melatonin ameliorates chronic renal failure‐induced oxidative organ damage in rats

Melatonin ameliorates chronic renal failure‐induced oxidative organ damage in rats

Glutathione and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities in Blood of Patients in Early Stages Following Kidney Transplantation

Vitamin E alleviates the oxidative stress of erythropoietin in uremic children on hemodialysis

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