Reduced graphene oxide nanosheets coated with an anti-angiogenic anticancer low-molecular-weight heparin derivative for delivery of anticancer drugs

Characterization of glycerol-plasticized starch and graphene oxide extruded hybrids

“…Among those nanoparticles, graphene -the two-dimensional sheet consisting of sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms, arranged in a honeycomb structure -and some derivatives have been incorporated to numerous polymeric systems for applications as sensors (Chang et al, 2014), energy storage systems (Sun and Shi, 2014), in water remediation (Chowdhury and Balasubramanian, 2014), and in drug delivery (Shim et al, 2014).…”

Phosphorylcholine oligomer-grafted graphene oxide for tumor-targeting doxorubicin delivery

“…23,24 Consequently, upregulated folate receptor (FR) expression and the key role of FA in a wide spectrum of cancers make it an ideal biomarker for targeted therapy. [25][26][27] In previous reports, numerous modications have been developed to improve the biocompatibility and the chemotherapeutic delivery of GO; 28 this includes the use of polymeric modiers, such as polyethylene glycol, [29][30][31] Poloxamer, 32-34 poly(amido amine), 35 poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), 36 chitosan, 37,38 heparin, 39 and gelatin, 40,41 while the employed chemotherapeutics have included doxorubicin (DOX) and derivatives, 29,33,35,39 paclitaxel, 42 camptothecin, 36,37 and even methotrexate. 41 The reported drug loading capacity in the mass percentage ranged from 5% to 380%.…”

The effect of ligand density on in vivo tumor targeting of nanographene oxide

“…But, these nGO sheets were not stable in salt containing aqueous solution such as buffer or biological media. Normally, GO sheets are modified with polymers to increase their stability in the presence of salt and to use them for biological applications [9][10][11]13]. Pluronic F127 is a biocompatible tri-block copolymer which has been used to stabilize nGOs in biological solutions [14,26,27].…”

“…Single atom thick, two-dimensional GO or rGO sheets provide a very high specific surface area which is ideal for loading small molecule drugs as well as macromolecules such as proteins and DNA [9][10][11][12][13]. Physical interactions such as hydrophobic interactions, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic attractions were used to achieve a high drug loading on GO/rGO surfaces [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Biocompatible polymer modified GO/rGO sheets were efficient for transporting anticancer therapeutics into the cytoplasm of cancer cells [9,[12][13][14].…”