Reduced Inhibitory Control Mediates the Relationship Between Cortical Thickness in the Right Superior Frontal Gyrus and Body Mass Index

Lavagnino, Luca; Mwangi, Benson; Bauer, Isabelle E.; Cao, Bo; Selvaraj, Sudhakar; Prossin, Alan R.; Soares, Jair C.

doi:10.1038/npp.2016.26

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Our results suggest that differences in amygdala and hippocampal volumes might relate to increased stress reactivity which can lead to UE and obesity. Independent of these relationships, we showed that superior frontal gyrus thickness was inversely related to BMI consistent with the literature (70, 76, 77). This suggests that some brain regions might be important in overeating and obesity independent of impulsivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Relationship between impulsivity, uncontrolled eating and body mass index: a hierarchical model

García‐García

Neseliler

Morys

et al. 2018

Preprint

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23Background 24 Impulsivity is a risk factor for obesity. It has different underlying facets that can be assessed 25 using questionnaires. Impulsivity can be further refined by the use of food-specific 26 questionnaires, which measure a tendency to uncontrolled eating. We examined how these 27 impulsivity measures relate to each other, to obesity, and to brain anatomy. 28 Methods 29We assessed students in their first year of university -a risky period for weight gain-at the 30 beginning (N = 2214) and at the end of the school year (N = 1145) using questionnaire measures 31 of impulsivity, personality, stress reactivity and eating-specific traits. A subset of participants (N 32 = 72) underwent T1-weighted MRI to investigate the brain correlates of impulsivity. 33Results 34Using factor analysis, we show that impulsivity can be stratified into three domains, which we 35 label stress reactivity, reward sensitivity and self-control, while eating questionnaires resolve 36 into a single latent factor -uncontrolled eating. A watershed model shows that uncontrolled 37 eating mediates the effect of impulsivity traits on BMI. Self-control and stress reactivity scores 38 are associated with a thinner lateral orbitofrontal cortex. In addition, stress reactivity correlates 39 positively with amygdala and negatively with hippocampal volume. Longitudinally, lack of self-40 control, not uncontrolled eating, correlates with weight gain, while stress reactivity correlates 41 with weight loss in male students. 42 Conclusions 43The brain-impulsivity-obesity relationship is hierarchical. Structural brain differences relate to 44 differences in impulsivity domains which affect BMI via uncontrolled eating. However, 45 Neseliler et al. Neural and behavioral endophenotypes of obesity 3 longitudinally, low self-control, not uncontrolled eating, is a predictor of weight gain in this 46 sample. 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Neseliler et al. Neural and behavioral endophenotypes of obesity 4

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Relationship between impulsivity, uncontrolled eating and body mass index: a hierarchical model

García‐García

Neseliler

Morys

et al. 2018

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Importantly, only three study participants were obese, and the relationship was present across the full range of BMI. Another example in adults is seen in a study in which cortical thickness in superior frontal gyrus was inversely related to BMI, and higher BMI and reduced frontal cortical thickness were associated with poor inhibitory control (64). A third example is seen in a large study ( n = 521) with older adults (60–80 y) in which BMI in the normal range was associated with lower default mode functional connectivity in posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus and lower performance on an executive function battery (65).…”

Section: Conventional Explanations Cannot Fully Account For Bmi-cognimentioning

confidence: 99%

A hypothesis linking the energy demand of the brain to obesity risk

Kuzawa

Blair

2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The causes of obesity are complex and multifactorial. We propose that one unconsidered but likely important factor is the energetic demand of brain development, which could constrain energy available for body growth and other functions, including fat deposition. Humans are leanest during early childhood and regain body fat in later childhood. Children reaching this adiposity rebound (AR) early are at risk for adult obesity. In aggregate data, the developing brain consumes a lifetime peak of 66% of resting energy expenditure in the years preceding the AR, and brain energy use is inversely related to body weight gain from infancy until puberty. Building on this finding, we hypothesize that individual variation in childhood brain energy expenditure will help explain variation in the timing of the AR and subsequent obesity risk. The idea that brain energetics constrain fat deposition is consistent with evidence that genes that elevate BMI are expressed in the brain and mediate a trade-off between the size of brain structures and BMI. Variability in energy expended on brain development and function could also help explain widely documented inverse relationships between the BMI and cognitive abilities. We estimate that variability in brain energetics could explain the weight differential separating children at the 50th and 70th BMI-for-age centiles immediately before the AR. Our model proposes a role for brain energetics as a driver of variation within a population’s BMI distribution and suggests that educational interventions that boost global brain energy use during childhood could help reduce the burden of obesity.

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“…Exploratory analyses examining symptom severity correlates, mediating effects of cortical thickness and effects of potential confounds were performed within the bulimia nervosa group only in the ROIs listed previously. Consistent with an ap proach used in previous studies, 34 we extracted mean cortical thickness values for each ROI for each participant with buli mia nervosa from DesikanKillany atlas parcels using auto mated segmentation in QDEC, and these values were in cluded in subsequent analyses in R software.…”

Section: Exploratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered cortical thickness and attentional deficits in adolescent girls and women with bulimia nervosa

Berner

Stefan

Lee

et al. 2018

jpn

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Reduced Inhibitory Control Mediates the Relationship Between Cortical Thickness in the Right Superior Frontal Gyrus and Body Mass Index

Cited by 26 publications

References 85 publications

Relationship between impulsivity, uncontrolled eating and body mass index: a hierarchical model

Relationship between impulsivity, uncontrolled eating and body mass index: a hierarchical model

A hypothesis linking the energy demand of the brain to obesity risk

Altered cortical thickness and attentional deficits in adolescent girls and women with bulimia nervosa

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