Reduced morning cortisol concentration in saliva was associated with obesity: Evidence from community‐dwelling adults in papua new guinea

Morita, Ayako; Vengiau, Gwendalyn; Chen, Cindy Chia-Jung; Odani, Shingo; Inaoka, Tsukasa; Tadokoro, Kiyoshi; Suda, Kazuhiro; Furusawa, Taiji; Siba, Peter; Phuanukoonnon, Suparat; Umezaki, Masahiro

doi:10.1002/ajhb.22823

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…No such correlation was revealed in any of the obese subgroups either. These results are in contrast with findings of previous studies showing either decreased cortisol levels in obesity [11, 13–16, 51] or non-linear U-shaped correlation of peripheral cortisol and BMI accross the BMI spectrum [46]. Moreover, high heterogeneity of our data indicates that excessive variations in the data are not accidental, but suggests the presence of other determining factors in the background.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

In Obesity, HPA Axis Activity Does Not Increase with BMI, but Declines with Aging: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies

et al. 2016

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BackgroundObesity is one of the major public health challenges worldwide. It involves numerous endocrine disorders as etiological factors or as complications. Previous studies strongly suggested the involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in obesity, however, to date, no consistent trend in obesity-associated alterations of the HPA axis has been identified. Aging has been demonstrated to aggravate obesity and to induce abnormalities of the HPA axis. Thus, the question arises whether obesity is correlated with peripheral indicators of HPA function in adult populations.ObjectivesWe aimed to meta-analyze literature data on peripheral cortisol levels as indicators of HPA activity in obesity during aging, in order to identify possible explanations for previous contradictory findings and to suggest new approaches for future clinical studies.Data Sources3,596 records were identified through searching of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library Database. Altogether 26 articles were suitable for analyses.Study Eligibility CriteriaEmpirical research papers were eligible provided that they reported data of healthy adult individuals, included body mass index (BMI) and measured at least one relevant peripheral cortisol parameter (i.e., either morning blood cortisol or 24-h urinary free cortisol).Statistical MethodsWe used random effect models in each of the meta-analyses calculating with the DerSimonian and Laird weighting methods. I-squared indicator and Q test were performed to assess heterogeneity. Meta-regression was applied to explore the effect of BMI and age on morning blood and urinary free cortisol levels. To assess publication bias Egger’s test was used.ResultsObesity did not show any correlation with the studied peripheral cortisol values. On the other hand, peripheral cortisol levels declined with aging within the obese, but not in the non-obese groups.ConclusionsOur analysis demonstrated that obesity or healthy aging does not lead to enhanced HPA axis activity, peripheral cortisol levels rather decline with aging.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

In Obesity, HPA Axis Activity Does Not Increase with BMI, but Declines with Aging: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies

et al. 2016

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Variation in diurnal cortisol patterns among the Indigenous Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador

Liebert,

Urlacher,

Madimenos

et al. 2024

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectivesThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and its primary end product, the glucocorticoid cortisol, are major components of the evolved human stress response. However, most studies have examined these systems among populations in high‐income settings, which differ from the high pathogen and limited resource contexts in which the HPA axis functioned for most of human evolution.MethodsWe investigated variability in diurnal salivary cortisol patterns among 298 Indigenous Shuar from Amazonian Ecuador (147 males, 151 females; age 2–86 years), focusing on the effects of age, biological sex, and body mass index (BMI) in shaping differences in diurnal cortisol production. Saliva samples were collected three times daily (waking, 30 minutes post‐waking, evening) for three consecutive days to measure key cortisol parameters: levels at waking, the cortisol awakening response, the diurnal slope, and total daily output.ResultsAge was positively associated with waking levels and total daily output, with Shuar juveniles and adolescents displaying significantly lower levels than adults (p < .05). Sex was not a significant predictor of cortisol levels (p > .05), as Shuar males and females displayed similar patterns of diurnal cortisol production across the life course. Moreover, age, sex, and BMI significantly interacted to moderate the rate of diurnal cortisol decline (p = .027). Overall, Shuar demonstrated relatively lower cortisol concentrations than high‐income populations.ConclusionsThis study expands the documented range of global variation in HPA axis activity and diurnal cortisol production and provides important insights into the plasticity of human stress physiology across diverse developmental and socioecological settings.

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Reduced morning cortisol concentration in saliva was associated with obesity: Evidence from community‐dwelling adults in papua new guinea

Abstract: Papua New Guinean adults with increased accumulation of body fat showed reduced cortisol concentration in morning saliva. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:587-590, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

In Obesity, HPA Axis Activity Does Not Increase with BMI, but Declines with Aging: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies

In Obesity, HPA Axis Activity Does Not Increase with BMI, but Declines with Aging: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies

Variation in diurnal cortisol patterns among the Indigenous Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador

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