Reduced Nitro-oxidative Stress and Neural Cell Death Suggests a Protective Role for Microglial Cells in TNFα^−/−Mice in Ischemic Retinopathy

Abstract

Collectively, the results suggest that improved vascular recovery in the absence of TNFalpha is associated with enhanced astrocyte survival and that both phenomena are dependent on preservation of microglial cells that display an anti-inflammatory phenotype during the early ischemic phase of OIR.

Neuroinflammatory response to experimental stroke is inhibited by eriodictyol

“…iNOS synthesizes large amounts of NO (nitric oxide). In brain tissue, excess NO causes neurotoxicity and induces neuronal death [73].…”

Arginase: an old enzyme with new tricks

“…Increased expression of A2 was observed in retinal horizontal cells of hyperoxia-treated mice [66]. Previous work had suggested that arginase might have a beneficial role in limiting retinal injury in this model [83]. In that study, the authors demonstrated reduced retinal cell death and increased astrocyte survival in TNFα-deficient mice.…”

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate BV2 microglia responses to lipopolysaccharide

“…Microglial secretion of NO has been shown to be cytotoxic [41][42][43][44][45] and this is particularly debilitating as neurones have limited mitotic capacities. Modulating microglia responses may limit inflammation and tissue damage within the CNS.…”