Reduced-order modeling of PEM fuel cell based on POD and PODI: an efficient approach toward combining highest accuracy with real-time performance

Exploring the Potential of α-MnO₂/ Carbon Nanotubes for Improved Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance at the Cathode of Alkaline Fuel Cells

“…(a), (b), and (c), respectively. Before the experiment, the oxygen was purged for 30 minutes [21,38,47]. The α-MnO2-CNT curve shows a significant reduction current with a reduction peak at -0.2V (versus the standard calomel electrode, SCE) in an oxygen-saturated environment.…”

“…α-MnO2-CNT has a more positive onset potential than α-MnO2 and is significantly less than the Pt/C catalyst. The onset potential is considered an indicator of catalytic activity [21,33]. These results and comparisons suggest that α-MnO2-CNT has higher catalytic activity, which is attributed to the formation of nanotubes as a result of the heat transformation of the structure, the disordered morphology, the higher-edged structure leading to larger active sites, the doping of nitrogen during sintering, and the addition of oxygen as a functional group to CNT.…”

“…These fuel cells operate by undergoing two half-cell reactions, with the Hydrogen oxidation reaction at the anode being relatively simple, while the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) at the cathode is the slower of the two and hence is the rate determining step [17][18][19][20]. In order to address the sluggish kinetics of the ORR, researchers have been experimenting with Non-Platinum Group Metals (NPGM) as cathode catalysts, with the aim of obtaining high current density, low activation energy, stability in corrosive environments, and lower costs [15,21,22]. Despite several attempts, most of these alternatives have proven to be unstable in acidic environments.…”