Reduced PM2.5 Emissions for Military Gas Turbine Engines using Fuel Additives

Roquemore, W. M.; Litzinger, T A

doi:10.21236/ada603511

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Table 3 shows a compilation of the latest as well as significant kerosene surrogates from the literature, the number of species and reactions in their respective reaction mechanisms, as well as the target properties that each surrogate was made to emulate. 45,51,56,68–70,82,85,154–156,158,161,163–186…”

Section: Development Of Kerosene Surrogates Their Chemical Reaction Mechanisms and The Modeling Of Kerosene Combustion In Dici Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From fundamental study to practical application of kerosene in compression ignition engines: An experimental and modeling review

Tay

Zhao

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The use of kerosene in direct injection compression ignition engines is fundamentally due to the introduction of the Single Fuel Concept. As conventional direct injection compression ignition diesel engines are made specifically to use diesel fuel, the usage of kerosene will affect engine emissions and performance due to differences between the fuel properties of kerosene and diesel. As a result, in order for kerosene to be properly and efficiently used in diesel engines, it is needful for the scientific community to know the properties of kerosene, its autoignition and combustion characteristics, as well as its emissions formation behavior under diesel engine operating conditions. Moreover, it is desirable to know the progress made in the development of suitable kerosene surrogates for engine applications as it is a crucial step toward the development of reliable chemical reaction mechanisms for numerical simulations. Therefore, in this work, a comprehensive review is carried out systematically to better understand the characteristics and behavior of kerosene under direct injection compression ignition engine relevant conditions. In this review work, the fuel properties of kerosene are summarized and discussed. In addition, fundamental autoignition studies of kerosene in shock tube, rapid compression machine, fuel ignition tester, ignition quality tester, constant volume combustion chamber, and engine are compiled and evaluated. Furthermore, experimental studies of kerosene spray and combustion in constant volume combustion chambers are examined. Also, the experimental investigations of kerosene combustion and emissions in direct injection compression ignition engines are discussed. Moreover, the development of kerosene surrogates, their chemical reaction mechanisms, and the modeling of kerosene combustion in direct injection compression ignition engines are summarized and talked about. Finally, recommendations are also given to help researchers focus on the areas which are still severely lacking.

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Section: Development Of Kerosene Surrogates Their Chemical Reaction Mechanisms and The Modeling Of Kerosene Combustion In Dici Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From fundamental study to practical application of kerosene in compression ignition engines: An experimental and modeling review

Tay

Zhao

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Moreover, researchers have determined that different physical properties of aviation fuels will affect combustion performance as well as soot formation. Roquemore and Litzinger found that blended fuel with high initial and end boiling points can contribute to high particle numbers. Calcote and Manos defined an equation of a threshold sooting index (TSI) to rate the soot formation tendency based on smoke point and molecular weight of the fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Alternative Fuel Properties on Particulate Matter Produced in a Gas Turbine Combustor

et al. 2018

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Diversified fuel supplies and stringent environmental pollution regulations in the aviation sector have promoted the development of the alternative fuels industry. The chemical and physical properties of some of these diverse fuel substitutes lie outside of historical experience. Therefore, their combustion behavior cannot be judged via research of petroleum-derived jet fuel. Particulate matter (PM) emissions are important for future alternative fuels, although extensive results in relations to combustors are not available in the literature. Hence, large-scale experimental testing is essential for improving our understanding of alternative fuel effects on combustion performance and environmental impact. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of fuel properties and composition on the PM emission characteristics and flame sooty tendency profile on a Rolls-Royce Tay gas turbine combustor. Extractive sampling and in situ measurement methods have been used in this study. A total of 16 types of alternative fuels have been tested under two different operating conditions. PM emissions were measured via a differential mobility spectrometer (DMS 500 fast particulate spectrometer), and the soot propensity profile was analyzed via an innovative visual method based on flame luminosity high-speed imaging. The results indicate that a higher aromatic can be found as the main factor for insufficient burning and greater soot formation. In addition, for fuel properties, the density and surface tension were supposed to be key factors for soot formation. For chemical compositions, fuels with higher cycloparaffin content have the potential to induce soot promotion. In contrast, a fuel with a high hydrogen content can perform in a much more environmentally friendly way. Furthermore, it was observed that the results of PM emission measured by DMS 500 and sooting tendency computed via an imaging method (in situ) correlated particularly well for all of the tested fuels and conditions in this study. The in situ soot emission monitoring method presented in this study can be used for detailed, instantaneous investigation of PM emissions within the combustor. Thus, this method can be considered an alternative evaluation method for measuring qualitative soot emissions.

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Fuel Additive Effects on Soot across a Suite of Laboratory Devices, Part 1: Ethanol

Litzinger

Colket²,

Kahandawala

et al. 2009

Combustion Science and Technology

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Reduced PM2.5 Emissions for Military Gas Turbine Engines using Fuel Additives

Cited by 3 publications

References 76 publications

From fundamental study to practical application of kerosene in compression ignition engines: An experimental and modeling review

From fundamental study to practical application of kerosene in compression ignition engines: An experimental and modeling review

Effects of Alternative Fuel Properties on Particulate Matter Produced in a Gas Turbine Combustor

Fuel Additive Effects on Soot across a Suite of Laboratory Devices, Part 1: Ethanol

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