Reduced relative volume in motor and attention regions in developmental coordination disorder: A voxel‐based morphometry study

Abstract

Reduced relative volume in motor and attention regions in developmental coordination disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study.International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.01.008 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Structured Abstract Background and Objectives:Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a prevalent childhood movement disorder, impacting the ability to perform movement skills at an age appropriate level. Although differences in grey matter (GM) volumes have been found in related developmental disorders, no such evidence has been linked with DCD to date. This cross-sectional study assessed structural brain differences in children with and without DCD. Methods:High-resolution structural images were acquired from 44 children aged 7.8 -12 years, including 22 children with DCD (≤16 th percentile on MABC-2; no ADHD/ASD), and 22 typically developing controls (≥20 th percentile on MABC-2). Structural voxel-based morphology analysis was performed to determine group differences in focal GM volumes. Results:Children with DCD were found to have significant, large, right lateralised reductions in grey matter volume in the medial and middle frontal, and superior frontal gyri compared to controls. The addition of motor proficiency as a covariate explained the between-group GM volume differences, suggesting that GM volumes in motor regions are reflective of the level of motor proficiency. A positive correlation between motor proficiency and relative GM volume was also identified in the left posterior cingulate and precuneus. Conclusions:GM volume reductions in premotor frontal regions may underlie the motor difficulties characteristic of DCD. It is possible that intervention approaches targeting motor planning, attention, and executive functioning processes associated with the regions of reduced GM volume may result in functional improvements in children with DCD.

Procedural learning and retention of audio‐verbal temporal sequence is altered in children with developmental coordination disorder but cortical thickness matters

“…Finally, different structural analyses have been conducted in previous studies to detect structural differences between DCD and TD groups. For example, Reynolds et al (2017) reported differences on grey matter volumes in frontal regions by using a voxel-based analysis. Further studies investigating structural differences, and more specifically cortical thickness, in larger number of DCD children are needed.…”

Abnormal Regional Spontaneous Brain Activity and Its Indirect Effect on Spasm Ratings in Patients With Hemifacial Spasm

“…Precuneus contribute to sensorimotor integration by combining multiple sensory inputs such as somatosensory and visual input, and involve in forming movement intention or early movement plans (Andersen and Buneo, 2002;Asher et al, 2015;Whitlock, 2017). Moreover, as part of the integrative center, PCC also participates in the motor and attention processes (Pearson et al, 2011;Reynolds et al, 2017). Therefore, the elevated fALFF and ReHo may consistently reflect compensatory neural adaptation of the PCC/precuneus for the movement control in HFS patients.…”

Neural Basis and Motor Imagery Intervention Methodology Based on Neuroimaging Studies in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorders: A Review

“…Conversely, the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (BA11) and MFG (BA46) are more active in children with DCD (Caeyenberghs et al, 2016). The right precentral gyrus and medial frontal gyrus (BA6) showed a decline in activation in two studies (Reynolds et al, 2015a(Reynolds et al, , 2017, but in the study by Zwicker et al (2010) high activation was reported. In the pars opercularis of the IFG (BA44), children with DCD had lower activation during imitation and higher activation during observation than those in children with TD (Licari et al, 2015;Reynolds et al, 2015a).…”