Reduced Response to Intravenous Endotoxin Injections Following Repeated Oral Administration of Endotoxin in the Pig

Holst, H.; Le, Edqvist; Kindahl, H.

doi:10.1186/bf03548185

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Whilst their primary interest was in anaphylactic reactions to intraperitoneally administered proteins, they commented that, “Experiments showed that continuous feeding with a vegetable protein rendered guinea-pigs immune to this protein, so that they could not be sensitized to it.” Thus, over 110 years ago it was known that peripheral and gut mucosal immune responses to the same antigen were quite different. Not only did exposure in the gut by feeding not induce anaphylaxis, but it actually prevented sensitization, similar to an observation about LPS noted below ( 37 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Inflammation Resolution Via ...supporting

confidence: 76%

“…Agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that are inflammatory when given intravenously can be anti-inflammatory after oral administration ( 44 ). Indeed, repeated oral administration of LPS can be protective against subsequent intravenous challenge ( 37 ), reminiscent of original observations of Wells and Osborne in 1911 ( 23 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Inflammation Resolution Via ...mentioning

confidence: 86%

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Harnessing the small intestinal axis to resolve systemic inflammation

Bodmer¹,

Itano²,

McInnes

2022

Front. Immunol.

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This Perspective presents the potential of the Small Intestinal Axis, a sub-division of the Gut-immune Axis, to modulate systemic inflammation based on sensing contents of the gut lumen. Gut mucosal immunity regulates tolerance to food and gut contents and is a significant factor in maintaining systemic homeostasis without compromising immunity to pathogens. This is achieved through anatomical structures and signaling pathways that link the tolerogenic potential of the proximal small intestine to systemic immunity. Non-live preparations of microbes isolated from human small intestinal mucosa, and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) which they shed, can resolve systemic inflammation without systemic exposure after oral delivery. The mechanism involves primary interactions with pattern recognition receptors followed by trafficking of immune cells through mesenteric lymph nodes. This generates in the periphery a population of circulating CD4+ T cells which have regulatory function but an atypical FoxP3- phenotype. There is no modification of the resident gut microbiome. Discoveries using this novel approach of targeting mucosal microbial elements to the tolerogenic proximal regions of the small intestine are revealing some of the mysteries of the relationship between the gut and immune system.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Inflammation Resolution Via ...supporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Mechanisms Of Inflammation Resolution Via ...mentioning

confidence: 86%

Harnessing the small intestinal axis to resolve systemic inflammation

Bodmer¹,

Itano²,

McInnes

2022

Front. Immunol.

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show abstract

Putative biomarkers for evaluating antibiotic treatment: an experimental model of porcine Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection

Lauritzen¹,

Lykkesfeldt²,

Skaanild³

et al. 2003

Research in Veterinary Science

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Effects of Various Applications of Lipopolysaccharides on Blood Parameters of Pigs

Müller¹,

Steinbach²,

Berndt³

et al. 2002

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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In five experiments, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Escherichia coli O26:B6 and O111:B4 were applied intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intrabronchially in doses of 5000-15,000 U/kg body mass to a total of 47 weaner pigs and compared with the application of sodium chloride. Different parameters of blood cells were investigated, including cell numbers, in vivo interleukin secretion, radical formation, phagocytosis capacity and IL-6 as well as TNFalpha formation ex vivo. Non-specific effects and dependencies on the type of application and LPS dose are discussed.

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Reduced Response to Intravenous Endotoxin Injections Following Repeated Oral Administration of Endotoxin in the Pig

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Harnessing the small intestinal axis to resolve systemic inflammation

Harnessing the small intestinal axis to resolve systemic inflammation

Putative biomarkers for evaluating antibiotic treatment: an experimental model of porcine Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection

Effects of Various Applications of Lipopolysaccharides on Blood Parameters of Pigs

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