Reduced Risk of Incident Kidney Cancer from Walking and Running

Williams, Paul T.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a4e89c

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The public health recommendations assume that the health benefits depend primarily on the total amount of physical activity performed without regard to intensity, so that different activities can be combined to achieve the recommended dose (exchangeability premise high cholesterol, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cataracts, cardiac arrhythmias, osteoarthritis, hip replacement and mortality due to brain and kidney cancer and pneumonia . Therefore, running and walking can be exchanged to achieve the same health benefit provided that the total energy expenditure is the same.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significantly greater reduction in breast cancer mortality from post‐diagnosis running than walking

Williams

2014

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The purpose of these analyses is to test prospectively whether post-diagnosis running and walking differ significantly in their association with breast cancer mortality. Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to compare breast cancer mortality to baseline exercise energy expenditure (METs, 1 MET-hour ffi1 km run) in 272 runners and 714 walkers previously diagnosed with breast cancer from the National Runners' and Walkers' Health Studies when adjusted for age, race, menopause, family history, breastfeeding and oral contraceptive use. Diagnosis occurred (mean 6 SD) 7.9 6 7.3 years before baseline. Forty-six women (13 runners and 33 walkers) died from breast cancer during 9.1-year mortality surveillance. For the 986 runners and walkers combined, breast cancer mortality decreased an average of 23.9% MET-hours/day [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.9-38.3%; p 5 0.004]. There was a significantly greater decrease in risk for running than walking (risk per MET-hours/day run vs. walked: p 5 0.03). For the 272 runners analyzed separately, breast cancer mortality decreased an average of 40.9% per METhours/day run (95% CI: 19.3-60.0%, p 5 0.0004). When analyzed by categories of running energy expenditure, breast cancer mortality was 87.4% lower for the 1.8-3.6 MET-hours/day category (95% CI: 41.3-98.2% lower, p 5 0.008) and 95.4% lower for the !3.6 MET-hours/day category (95% CI: 71.9-100% lower, p 5 0.0004) compared to the <1.07 MET-hours/day category. In contrast, the 714 walkers showed a nonsignificant 4.6% decrease in breast cancer mortality per MET-hours/day walked (95% CI: 27.3% decreased risk to 21.3% increased risk, p 5 0.71). These results suggest that post-diagnosis running is associated with significantly lower breast cancer mortality than post-diagnosis walking.An estimated 23% of women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer die within 15 years of diagnosis. 1 Physical activity may improve survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer, but the evidence is mixed, with some studies showing physical activity significantly reduces their breast cancer mortality 2-7 and others showing no significant reduction. [8][9][10][11][12] Meta-analyses that combine study results provide stronger evidence for improved survival. For example, meeting the current physical activity recommendations has been associated with a 25% reduction in breast cancer mortality in 13,302 breast cancer survivors of the After Breast Cancer Pooling Project. 13 Other meta-analyses found 29% (including lifetime and at diagnosis physical activity) 14 and 34% reductions 15 in breast cancer mortality with post-diagnosis physical activity when various study results were combined.This report tests whether post-diagnosis running and walking produce equivalent reductions in breast cancer mortality. Running and walking differ by exercise intensity. Running is classified as vigorous because it expends !6 times the energy expenditure of sitting at rest (!6 metabolic equivalents or METs, 1 MET 5 3.5 mL O 2 /kg/min), whereas walking is classified as moderate be...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significantly greater reduction in breast cancer mortality from post‐diagnosis running than walking

Williams

2014

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Although many studies have assessed the impact of running on chronic diseases as well as CVD and all-cause mortality, this review focuses predominantly on prospective observational databases, including published findings from the National Runners' and Walkers' Health Study, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] the Running Aging Study, 44 the Copenhagen City Heart Study, 13,14 and the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). 11,12 We reviewed studies published in PubMed since 2000 that included at least 500 runners and at least 5 years of follow-up so as to analyze the relationship between vigorous aerobic PA, specifically running, and major chronic diseases and/or CVD and all-cause mortality.…”

Section: Major Running Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[39][40][41] In an analysis of more than 90,000 individuals, the risk of incident kidney cancer was 61% lower in those meeting exercise guideline levels, 67% lower in those meeting 1 to 2 times the recommended guideline levels, and 76% lower in those meeting 2 times or more the recommended guideline levels. 39 The risk of incident kidney cancer also increased with increasing BMI, smoking, and HTN and T2DM medications. Of 79,124 women (32,872 walkers and 46,252 runners), 111 died of breast cancer during the 11-year follow-up.…”

Section: Impact Of Running On Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Running on Chronic Diseases and Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality

Lavie¹,

Lee

Sui

et al. 2015

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

114

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Considerable evidence has established the link between high levels of physical activity (PA) and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality. Running is a popular form of vigorous PA that has been associated with better overall survival, but there is debate about the dose-response relationship between running and CVD and all-cause survival. In this review, we specifically reviewed studies published in PubMed since 2000 that included at least 500 runners and 5-year follow-up so as to analyze the relationship between vigorous aerobic PA, specifically running, and major health consequences, especially CVD and all-cause mortality. We also made recommendations on the optimal dose of running associated with protection against CVD and premature mortality, as well as briefly discuss the potential cardiotoxicity of a high dose of aerobic exercise, including running (eg, marathons).

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“…kidney C prevention, cardiovascular health, incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, and R factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, weight gain, prostatic hyperplasia, gout, osteoarthritis and respiratory diseases. A review [42] is based on the several papers related to this wide-ranging study; some of such documents are quoted herein [43]- [46]. In most cases, the extent of the benefits is related to the intensity of the physical activity.…”

Section: A T Marrocco 28mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, physical activity may, e.g. prevent weight and blood pressure increase, and decrease estrogen and insulin; these are all known R factors for kidney C [43].…”

Section: A T Marrocco 28mentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Informative and Educational Resources on the Benefits That a Lifestyle Aimed at the Primary Prevention of Cancer May Also Provide for General Health

Marrocco¹

2015

ETSN

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To find stimuli for getting young students interested in the primary prevention of cancer and a healthy lifestyle, internet resources have been searched that may motivate and facilitate this study. Teachers interested in teaching this subject can download for free and use them with the method felt as most appropriate; they consist of text, graphs, tables, images, quizzes and an interactive atlas. According to a personal experience, the use of these educational resources helps teachers in teaching and students in learning about cancer prevention. According to the World Health Organisation, cancer is a leading and growing cause of mortality with 10 and 14 million new cases worldwide respectively in 2000 and 2012. Several risk factors have been identified; if they are avoided, more than 30% of the cancers can be prevented. The five most important modifiable risk factors, among many others, are: smoking, alcohol, overweight, physical inactivity, low consumption of vegetables and fruit. Cancer may also have genetic causes or be related to certain infections that are more common in some areas than in others. According to several documents also quoted in this article, numerous behaviours that reduce cancer risk may, at the same time, help to prevent other important diseases. Some of the documents quoted here show the very great difference in cancer incidence and mortality rates often existing between different geographic areas. For example, prostate cancer incidence per 100,000 persons per year is 104.4 in New Zealand, and 3.9 in Chennai, India. Many studies found an increase over time in the incidence of certain cancer types in people that move from countries where their risk is low to countries where their risk is high, thus suggesting the important role of environmental changes and lifestyle. As an example of this, the risk of breast cancer among Hispanic women migrating to US increases with the duration of residence in the immigration country, and becomes up to 4 -6 times higher after 3 or more generations. This provides an example of what can happen in transitioning countries as a consequence of some lifestyle changes, unless measures are taken. A. T. Marrocco 24

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Reduced Risk of Incident Kidney Cancer from Walking and Running

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Significantly greater reduction in breast cancer mortality from post‐diagnosis running than walking

Significantly greater reduction in breast cancer mortality from post‐diagnosis running than walking

Effects of Running on Chronic Diseases and Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality

Online Informative and Educational Resources on the Benefits That a Lifestyle Aimed at the Primary Prevention of Cancer May Also Provide for General Health

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