Reduced Sensitivity to Emotional Facial Expressions in Borderline Personality Disorder: Effects of Emotional Valence and Intensity

Hagenhoff, Meike; Franzen, Nele; Gerstner, Lena; Koppe, Georgia; Sammer, Gebhard; Netter, Petra; Gallhofer, Bernd; Lis, Stefanie

doi:10.1521/pedi.2013.27.1.19

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It should be noted that paradigms other than EST and VDPT have been used to examine attentional preferences and biases in BPD, such as the 'attentional blink paradigm' [55] and visual search tasks [56] . We could not include those studies in this meta-analysis because of the low number of published studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional Bias for Emotional Stimuli in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Kaiser¹,

Jacob²,

Domes³

et al. 2016

Psychopathology

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Background: In borderline personality disorder (BPD), attentional bias (AB) to emotional stimuli may be a core component in disorder pathogenesis and maintenance. Sampling: 11 emotional Stroop task (EST) studies with 244 BPD patients, 255 nonpatients (NPs) and 95 clinical controls and 4 visual dot-probe task (VDPT) studies with 151 BPD patients or subjects with BPD features and 62 NPs were included. Methods: We conducted two separate meta-analyses for AB in BPD. One meta-analysis focused on the EST for generally negative and BPD-specific/personally relevant negative words. The other meta-analysis concentrated on the VDPT for negative and positive facial stimuli. Results: There is evidence for an AB towards generally negative emotional words compared to NPs (standardized mean difference, SMD = 0.311) and to other psychiatric disorders (SMD = 0.374) in the EST studies. Regarding BPD-specific/personally relevant negative words, BPD patients reveal an even stronger AB than NPs (SMD = 0.454). The VDPT studies indicate a tendency towards an AB to positive facial stimuli but not negative stimuli in BPD patients compared to NPs. Conclusions: The findings rather reflect an AB in BPD to generally negative and BPD-specific/personally relevant negative words rather than an AB in BPD towards facial stimuli, and/or a biased allocation of covert attentional resources to negative emotional stimuli in BPD and not a bias in focus of visual attention. Further research regarding the role of childhood traumatization and comorbid anxiety disorders may improve the understanding of these underlying processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional Bias for Emotional Stimuli in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Kaiser¹,

Jacob²,

Domes³

et al. 2016

Psychopathology

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“…Future research could improve upon this limitation by using experimentaland neurobiological-based measures of emotion dysregulation (Bornovalova, Hicks, Iacono, & McGue, 2009;Gratz et al, 2006) and empathy (Dziobek et al, 2011;Hagenhoff et al, 2013;New et al, 2012). In addition, the use of a female-only, not severely aggressive, sample of inpatient adolescents limits the generalizability of the study findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Independent Contributions of Emotion Dysregulation and Hypermentalization to the “Double Dissociation” of Affective and Cognitive Empathy in Female Adolescent Inpatients With BPD

Kalpakci

Vanwoerden

Elhai

et al. 2016

Journal of Personality Disorders

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Harari, Shamay-Tsoory, Ravid, and Levkovitz (2010) demonstrated a "double dissociation" in empathy in borderline personality disorder (BPD), such that BPD patients had higher affective than cognitive empathy, whereas controls exhibited the opposite pattern. Two processes that may relate to this dissociation are emotion dysregulation (ER) and hypermentalization. However, these interrelated processes have not been studied concomitantly, and the dissociation of empathy types has not been examined in adolescents with BPD. This study examined the relations between ER, hypermentalization, and cognitive and affective empathy in 252 adolescent inpatients with and without BPD. Participants completed a computerized task of hypermentalization and measures of ER and empathy. Findings only partially replicated Harari et al.'s findings, with differential performance in cognitive and affective empathy demonstrated across groups. Multivariate analyses revealed that in both groups, ER related to increased affective empathy. Hypermentalizing related to decreased cognitive empathy in BPD patients, whereas hypermentalizing did not relate to either empathy type in non-BPD patients.Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric disorder marked by treatment-refractory behavior and poor psychosocial outcomes (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Though initially considered a disorder limited to adults, recent genetic and longitudinal findings have established BPD in adolescence as a valid diagnostic entity warranting empirical attention

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“…BPD patients and individuals with high BPD traits did not differ from those with low BPD traits in detecting emotions in schematic faces amongst neutral faces [17, 18]. In another study, using a rapid sequential presentation of realistic facial expressions from the Karolinska emotional faces database, BPD patients were better in the detection of subtile negative and positive expressions compared to healthy volunteers [19].…”

Section: Recent Behavioral Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Neurobiological Correlates of Disturbed Emotion Processing in Borderline Personality Disorder

Bertsch

Hillmann

Herpertz³

2018

Psychopathology

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One of the core symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is emotion dysregulation, which comprises emotion sensitivity, heightened and labile negative affect, deficient appropriate regulation strategies, and a surplus of maladaptive regulation strategies. Although earlier studies provided some evidence for threat hypersensitivity in terms of a negatively biased perception of other people (“negativity bias”) and deficits in the recognition of full-blown anger, i.e., higher error rates and slower reaction times, researchers have only recently started studying effects of interindividual differences (e.g., sex, impulsivity, aggressiveness) and stimulus complexity as well as associations with early adversity, developmental aspects, or the specificity for BPD. Recent data also suggest a deficit in the detection of positive emotions, which needs to be addressed in more detail since it may prevent the patients from recognizing safety signals and from making positive interpersonal experiences. Neurobiologically, threat hypersensitivity has been related to increased and prolonged amygdala responses, while deficient emotion regulation was associated with reduced prefrontal inhibition of the amygdala. First results suggest that these neural alterations may be modulated by psychotherapeutic treatment focusing on emotion regulation.

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Reduced Sensitivity to Emotional Facial Expressions in Borderline Personality Disorder: Effects of Emotional Valence and Intensity

Cited by 28 publications

References 38 publications

Attentional Bias for Emotional Stimuli in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Attentional Bias for Emotional Stimuli in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

The Independent Contributions of Emotion Dysregulation and Hypermentalization to the “Double Dissociation” of Affective and Cognitive Empathy in Female Adolescent Inpatients With BPD

Behavioral and Neurobiological Correlates of Disturbed Emotion Processing in Borderline Personality Disorder

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