Reduced serum BDNF levels are associated with the increased risk for developing MDD: a case–control study with or without antidepressant therapy

Emon, Md. Prova Zaman; Das, Rajesh; Nishuty, Nuruna Lovely; Qusar, M. M. A. Shalahuddin; Bhuiyan, Mohiuddin Ahmed; Islam, Md. Rabiul

doi:10.1186/s13104-020-04952-3

Cited by 69 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In Bangladesh, WHO reported 4.1% of the adult population has depression [2]. Several factors, such as genetics, alterations in brain structure and function, changes in biological markers, and nutritional status contribute to the development of MDD or increase the risk of developing the disorder [3][4][5][6]. Even though many propitious biological mechanisms have been proposed, as the monoamine hypothesis, hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis deregulation, and chronic inflammation, the pathophysiology of MDD remains ambiguous; and there are no established biomarkers [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of serum amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in drug-naïve first-episode major depressive disorder

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Background: The alterations of biological markers are thought to be effective tools to understand the pathophysiology and management of major depressive disorder (MDD). A lot of researches has implied many markers for depression, but any of them fully discovered the association between the markers and depression. The present study investigated the serum levels of amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in major depression, and also explained their association with depression. Methods: This study examined 247 MDD patients and 248 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) was used to all the participants to measure the severity of depression. Quantification of serum amino acids, vitamin A and E were carried out using the HPLC system whereas vitamin C levels were measured by UV-spectrophotometer. All the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS statistical software (version 23.0). The independent sample t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Fisher's exact test were applied to detect the group differences where a Bonferroni correction applied to the p value. Results: It was observed that serum levels of four amino acids (methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) along with three non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin A, E, and C) were significantly dropped in MDD patients compared to HCs (Cohen's d (d): − 0.45, − 0.50, − 0.68, − 0.21, − 0.27, − 0.65, and − 0.24, respectively). Furthermore, Ham-D scores of cases were negatively correlated with serum levels of methionine (r = − 0.155, p = 0.015) and tyrosine (r = − 0.172, p = 0.007). Conclusion: The present study suggests that lowered serum methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and nonenzymatic antioxidants are associated with depression. The reduction of these parameters in MDD patients may be the consequence, and not the cause, of major depression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of serum amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in drug-naïve first-episode major depressive disorder

et al. 2020

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“…To understand the exact pathophysiology of MDD, several hypotheses have been formulated including alterations in monoaminergic neurotransmission, imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling in the brain, hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, inflammation, and abnormalities in normal neurogenesis. 14 – 18 The inflammatory hypothesis of depression suggested that hyperactivation in the immune system and uncontrolled cytokine production is involved in the pathogenesis of depression. 19 Cytokines are cell signal–transducing proteins or polypeptides that produce and regulate immune responses and inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum interferon-gamma level is associated with drug-naïve major depressive disorder

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Objectives: Major depressive disorder is a leading heterogeneous psychiatric illness manifested by persistent low mood, a feeling of sadness, and diminished interest in daily activities. Many biological, genetic, and social factors are thought to be linked with depression. But any suitable early risk assessment markers are absent for this illness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of IFN-γ in major depressive disorder patients to further investigate the association between serum levels of this cytokine and major depression. Methods: This prospective case-control study enrolled 120 major depressive disorder patients and 100 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and body mass index. A qualified psychiatrist diagnosed the major depressive disorder patients and evaluated healthy controls according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). The Hamilton depression rating scale was applied for all the study participants to measure the severity of depression. Serum IFN-γ levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Boster Biological Technology, Pleasanton, CA, USA). Results: This study observed that serum IFN-γ levels were significantly decreased in major depressive disorder patients compared to healthy controls. A significant negative correlation ( r = −0.375; p < 0.001) was obtained between serum IFN-γ levels and Hamilton depression scores. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed good diagnostic performance of lowered serum IFN-γ levels in depression with an area under the curve at 0.790. Conclusion: We suggest the altered serum IFN-γ levels are associated with the pathophysiology of depression. The reduced levels of serum IFN-γ might be used as an early risk assessment tool for major depression.

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“…Despite having various proposed mechanisms of developing MDD, mounting pieces of evidence have suggested a strong association between chronic inflammatory processes and the pathophysiology of MDD (Miller et al, 2009;Nishuty et al, 2019). Recent findings in neuroscience also indicated an association between the families of immune proteindesignated chemokines and many neuroimmune processes related to psychiatric illnesses, for examples, synaptic transmission, and plasticity, hindrance in the progression of neurogenesis, and neuron-glia communication (Das et al, 2020;Heinisch and Kirby, 2009;Pujol et al, 2005;. Activation of the inflammatory response system causes alterations in any of these functions that may lead to the pathogenesis of MDD (Daria et al, 2020;Islam et al, 2018b;Nishuty et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels are associated with major depressive disorder

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Daria

Islam

et al. 2020

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a distressing condition characterized by persistent low mood, loss of interest in daily activities. Many biological, psycho-social, and genetic factors are thought to be involved with depression. The present study aimed to investigate the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in MDD patients to explore its role in the development of depression. This case-control study recruited 114 MDD patients and 106 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and gender. A specialized psychiatrist diagnosed the cases and evaluated the controls based on the diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders, 5th edition. The serum MCP-1 levels were quantified by commercially available enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay kits. The Hamilton depression rating scale (Ham-D) was applied to measure the severity of depression. We observed the decreased levels of serum MCP-1 in MDD patients compared to HCs. A significant negative correlation was obtained between serum MCP-1 levels and Ham-D scores. Also, female MDD patients with higher Ham-D scores exhibited lower serum MCP-1 levels. The receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the good diagnostic value of MCP-1 with the area under the curve at 0.837. The depression-related alteration of serum MCP-1 may be more complicated than the current assumption and depends on the characteristics of the individual patients. Our study suggests that the serum MCP-1 levels might be involved in the pathophysiology and mechanism of MDD. The present findings, along with the diagnostic evaluation, might be used to assess the depression risk.

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Reduced serum BDNF levels are associated with the increased risk for developing MDD: a case–control study with or without antidepressant therapy

Cited by 69 publications

References 38 publications

Evaluation of serum amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in drug-naïve first-episode major depressive disorder

Evaluation of serum amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in drug-naïve first-episode major depressive disorder

Serum interferon-gamma level is associated with drug-naïve major depressive disorder

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels are associated with major depressive disorder

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