Reduced shrinkage polyester–montmorillonite nanocomposite

Al-Khanbashi, A.; El-Gamal, Maisa M.; Moet, A.

doi:10.1002/app.22157

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recently, special attention has been paid to the properties of nanocomposites. These properties include physical and mechanical properties [1, 2], thermal and electrical properties [3, 4], flame retardancy [5–7], gas barrier properties [8, 9], and shrinkage control behavior [10–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic modeling of nanoclay‐reinforced unsaturated polyester resin

2011

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Curing behavior of an unsaturated polyester (UP) resin containing 1 wt% organically modified clay (OMC) catalyzed with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) initiator and promoted by cobalt naphthenate accelerator was investigated by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at five different heating rates of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C/min. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the morphology of UP/OMC composites. Results showed a mixture of intercalated and exfoliated morphology. The dynamic DSC curing curves showed a bimodal exothermic peak; therefore, two independent reactions, namely, redox and thermal copolymerizations were assumed. Kinetic parameters were calculated by using autocatalytic model and using Down hill simplex method and Runge–Kutta algorithm for each reaction. The addition of nanoclay resulted in decrease of the activation energy of the redox reaction compared to that of the neat UP resin. Also, the pre‐exponential factor of the first reaction for UP/OMC was less than that of the neat UP. Two factors including decreasing the activation energy and decreasing the number ofcollisions of reactionary components finally resulted in increasing the reaction rate of the first reaction out of the whole reaction in the system containing nanoclay compared to the neat UP resin. It is interesting that nanoclay has no effect on the thermal decomposition reaction. POLYM. COMPOS., © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic modeling of nanoclay‐reinforced unsaturated polyester resin

2011

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“…12). At the same magnification, the fracture surface was not found to have any MMT domains, and the corresponding elemental mapping for silicon did not show any agglomeration, which suggested that the SVP(66THF)MMT agglomerates were dissociated to much smaller particles whose sizes were well below the SEM resolution 29. This conclusion was in accord with the XRD data that the highest MMT expansion occurred when the clay modification was done in the solvent mixture with 66% THF (Table II), which resulted in exfoliation with the nanoscale dispersion of clays.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of the nature and combinations of solvents in the intercalation of clay with block copolymers on the properties of polymer nanocomposites

Şen

Nugay

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites were prepared by the free-radical polymerization of styrene in the presence of organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) clays. MMT clay was modified with a low-molecularweight and quarternized block copolymer of styrene and 4-vinylpyridine [poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) (SVP)] with 36.4 wt % PS and 63.6 wt % poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP). Special attention was paid to the modification, which was carried out in different compositions of a solvent mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water. The swelling behavior of the MMT clay was studied by an Xray diffraction technique. The diffraction peak shifted to lower 2y angles for all of the modified clays, which indicated the intercalation of the quarternized SVP copolymer into the MMT layers in different degrees. Higher interlayer distances, which showed a high degree of block copolymer insertion, were obtained for solvent compositions with THF in water. The resultant nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The desired exfoliated nanocomposite structure was achieved when the MMT modification was conducted in 50 or 66 wt % THF, whereas the other modifications all resulted in intercalated structures. The resulting exfoliated nanocomposite was found to have better thermal stability and dynamic mechanical performance compared to the others, even with 2% clay loading.

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“…Shrinkage control by application of nanoclays without any further addition of thermoplastic LPA to UPR was reported to also be possible; here, the "swelling clay" property of montmorillonite (MMT) has been exploited by adding 5% of 12-aminolauric acid MMT to an isophthalic UPR to reduce the volume contraction from 8.7% shrinkage of the neat resin to 2.6% shrinkage of the UPR nanocomposite [154]. In this case, curing was performed at 85°C.…”

Section: Upr Shrinkagementioning

confidence: 97%