Reduced Survival of Adult Culex Pipiens Infected with Rift Valley Fever Virus

Faran, Michael E.; Turell, Michael J.; Romoser, William S.; Routier, Robert G.; Gibbs, Paul; Cannon, Timothy Lewis; Bailey, Charles

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1987.37.403

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Contrary to the old notion that arboviral infection is not detrimental to the vectors, recent closer reexaminations revealed pathologies and reduced functions in mosquito vectors infected with such viruses as Semliki Forest virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, Sindbis virus, and Rift Valley fever virus (29,78,211,280,320,339). Mortality is sometimes considerable in argasid ticks infected with African swine fever virus (77,118).…”

Section: Pathology and Resistance To Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biological Transmission of Arboviruses: Reexamination of and New Insights into Components, Mechanisms, and Unique Traits as Well as Their Evolutionary Trends

2005

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SUMMARY Among animal viruses, arboviruses are unique in that they depend on arthropod vectors for transmission. Field research and laboratory investigations related to the three components of this unique mode of transmission, virus, vector, and vertebrate host, have produced an enormous amount of valuable information that may be found in numerous publications. However, despite many reviews on specific viruses, diseases, or interests, a systematic approach to organizing the available information on all facets of biological transmission and then to interpret it in the context of the evolutionary process has not been attempted before. Such an attempt in this review clearly demonstrates tremendous progress made worldwide to characterize the viruses, to comprehend disease transmission and pathogenesis, and to understand the biology of vectors and their role in transmission. The rapid progress in molecular biologic techniques also helped resolve many virologic puzzles and yielded highly valuable data hitherto unavailable, such as characterization of virus receptors, the genetic basis of vertebrate resistance to viral infection, and phylogenetic evidence of the history of host range shifts in arboviruses. However, glaring gaps in knowledge of many critical subjects, such as the mechanism of viral persistence and the existence of vertebrate reservoirs, are still evident. Furthermore, with the accumulated data, new questions were raised, such as evolutionary directions of virus virulence and of host range. Although many fundamental questions on the evolution of this unique mode of transmission remained unresolved in the absence of a fossil record, available observations for arboviruses and the information derived from studies in other fields of the biological sciences suggested convergent evolution as a plausible process. Overall, discussion of the diverse range of theories proposed and observations made by many investigators was found to be highly valuable for sorting out the possible mechanism(s) of the emergence of arboviral diseases.

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Section: Pathology and Resistance To Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biological Transmission of Arboviruses: Reexamination of and New Insights into Components, Mechanisms, and Unique Traits as Well as Their Evolutionary Trends

2005

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“…27 In another study, Culex pipiens orally infected with Rift Valley fever virus ( Bunyaviridae : Phlebovirus ) were shown to have significantly increased mortality. 28 It has been shown that western and eastern equine encephalitis viruses can cause pathologic changes to the midgut of their respective mosquito vectors Cx. tarsalis and Cs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus for Equine-Virulent Subtype IE Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Deardorff¹,

Weaver

2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The mosquito Culex ( Melanoconion ) taeniopus is a proven vector of enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) subtype IE in Central America. It has been shown to be highly susceptible to infection by this subtype, and conversely to be highly refractory to infection by other VEEV subtypes. During the 1990s in southern coastal Mexico, two VEE epizootics in horses were attributed to subtype IE VEEV. These outbreaks were associated with VEEV strains with an altered infection phenotype for the epizootic mosquito vector, Aedes ( Ochlerotatus ) taeniorhynchus. To determine the infectivity for the enzootic vector, Culex taeniopus, mosquitoes from a recently established colony were orally exposed to VEEV strains from the outbreak. The equine-virulent strains exhibited high infectivity and transmission potential comparable to a traditional enzootic subtype IE VEEV strain. Thus, subtype IE VEEV strains in Chiapas are able to efficiently infect enzootic and epizootic vectors and cause morbidity and mortality in horses.

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“…Laboratory detection therefore requires large starting numbers to ensure adequate survival to these late time points. Reduced survival and fecundity of RVFV-infected Culex pipiens has been observed [108,109] but there was no negative impact on survival when eggs were infected with CEV [61]. These factors not only are important with regard to detection but also should be accounted for in predictive models of VT.…”

Section: Ovarian Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley fever virus: strategies for maintenance, survival and vertical transmission in mosquitoes

Lumley

Horton

Hernandez-Triana

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

101

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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus causing severe disease in humans and ruminants. Spread of RVFV out of Africa has raised concerns that it could emerge in Europe or the USA. Virus persistence is dependent on successful infection of, replication in, and transmission to susceptible vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, modulated by virushost and vector-virus interactions. The principal accepted theory for the long-term maintenance of RVFV involves vertical transmission (VT) of virus to mosquito progeny, with the virus surviving long inter-epizootic periods within the egg. This VT hypothesis, however, is yet to be comprehensively proven. Here, evidence for and against the VT of RVFV is reviewed along with the identification of factors limiting its detection in natural and experimental data. The observations of VT for other arboviruses in the genera Alphavirus, Flavivirus and Orthobunyavirus are discussed within the context of RVFV. The review concludes that VT of RVFV is likely but that current data are insufficient to irrefutably prove this hypothesis.

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Reduced Survival of Adult Culex Pipiens Infected with Rift Valley Fever Virus

Cited by 49 publications

References 17 publications

Biological Transmission of Arboviruses: Reexamination of and New Insights into Components, Mechanisms, and Unique Traits as Well as Their Evolutionary Trends

Biological Transmission of Arboviruses: Reexamination of and New Insights into Components, Mechanisms, and Unique Traits as Well as Their Evolutionary Trends

Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus for Equine-Virulent Subtype IE Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Rift Valley fever virus: strategies for maintenance, survival and vertical transmission in mosquitoes

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