Reduced T Cell and Antibody Responses to Inactivated Coronavirus Vaccine Among Individuals Above 55 Years Old

Medeiros, Giuliana Xavier de; Sasahara, Greyce Luri; Magawa, Jhosiene Y.; Nunes, João Paulo Silva; Bruno, Fernanda R.; Kuramoto, Andréia; Almeida, Rafael Ribeiro; Ferreira, Marcelo Alves; Scagion, Guilherme Pereira; Candido, Erika Donizette; Leal, Fabyano Bruno; Oliveira, Danielle Bruna Leal; Durigon, Edison Luiz; Silva, Roberto Carlos V; Rosa, Daniela Santoro; Boscardin, Silvia Beatriz; Coelho, Verônica; Kalil, Jorge; Santos, Keity Souza; Cunha‐Neto, Edécio

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.812126

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Supplementary analysis based on vaccine type (details in the Supplementary Figure 6) revealed differences in antibody titers and positivity rates between the two vaccines (both the antibody titer and seropositivity rate induced by Corona Vac were higher than those induced by BBIBP-CorV), indicating that vaccine type is one of the factors influencing antibody response, consistent with the multivariate linear regression analysis results of vaccine type for antibody response and previous studies (30). Meanwhile, we also found that age was not associated with immune response in MS patients, but previous studies showed that age ≥70 was associated with a poorer antibody response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (COPD) (31) and the immune response was lower for persons over 55 years of age (32). These findings could be attributed to the small sample size, or they could indicate that the immune response would not have been significantly different in this specific population.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional observational study

Guo

Yang

Ran

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Background and aimsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), wich mainly including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, remains high, and the safety and antibody response of inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) is still inconsistency, therefore it is necessary to explore the safety and antibody responses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in MS patients in clinical practice.Methods157 adults patients who were suffering from MS and 117 health controls (HC) at an interval of at least 21 days after full-course (2nd dose) vaccination were enrolled. The safety of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination was evaluated through collected adverse events (AEs) by questionnaire. The immunogenicity of included participant to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination was represented by serum seropositivity rate of anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (CoV-2 Nab) and titers of anti-RBD IgG, CoV-2 Nab. The B cells, mainly including RBD-specific B cells, RBD-specific memory B cell (MBC), RBD+ resting MBC cells, RBD+ activated MBC cells, RBD+ atypical MBC cells (atyMBCs), and RBD+ intermediate MBC cells, were also analyzed.ResultsIn terms of safety, all AEs in MS patients were mild and self-limiting, and the incidence was comparable to that of HC participants, with overall AEs within seven days reported in 9.6% (15/157) of 3H and 11.1% (13/117) of HC. Both groups experienced no serious adverse events. As for immunogenicity of MS patients to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination, compared with health controls, the seroprevalence of anti-RBD IgG and CoV-2 Nab was significantly decreased in MS patients (p = 0.000, p = 0.003, respectively), while the titers of anti-RBD IgG (AU/ml) and CoV-2 Nab (μg/ml) were also significant lower in MS patients (p = 0.014, p = 0.002, respectively). As for frequencies of B cells, MS patients had lower frequencies of RBD-specific B cells, RBD+ resting MBCs, and RBD+ intermediate MBCs (p = 0.003, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively), but had a higher frequencies of RBD+ atypical MBCs (p = 0.000) than HC. In comorbidity number subgroups analysis of MS, except frequencies of RBD+ resting MBC cells, RBD+ activated MBC cells and RBD+ intermediate MBC cells had significant difference among three groups (p = 0.035, p = 0.042, p = 0.046, respectively), antibody response had no significant difference among 1H, 2H, and 3H groups (p > 0.05). And took 70 years old as a boundary, also no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in age subgroups. Lastly, comprehensive analysis in MS patients indicated that interval time after 2nd dose vaccine was the statistical significant factor which impacting antibody response in MS individuals.ConclusionsInactivated COVID-19 vaccines were well-tolerated, but induced a poorer antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in MS patients comparing to HC participants. Patients with MS should therefore be more proactive in receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, and a booster vaccination may be considered necessary.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT05043246.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional observational study

Guo

Yang

Ran

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Previous studies reported deficient production of vaccine-induced antibody titers after CoronaVac application, especially among elderly and immunocompromised individuals. 12 − 15 Our results demonstrate that the ZnONRs/spike immunosensor can detect the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody in individuals vaccinated with CoronaVac. This point-of-care technology can specifically aid public health actions in assessing humoral immune response post-COVID-19 vaccination in the countries where this vaccine is applied.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Electrochemical Immunosensors Based on Zinc Oxide Nanorods for Detection of Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Convalescent and Vaccinated Individuals

Nunez

Castro

Oliveira

et al. 2022

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Even after over 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, research on rapid, inexpensive, and accurate tests remains essential for controlling and avoiding the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 across the planet during a potential reappearance in future global waves or regional outbreaks. Assessment of serological responses for COVID-19 can be beneficial for population-level surveillance purposes, supporting the development of novel vaccines and evaluating the efficacy of different immunization programs. This can be especially relevant for broadly used inactivated whole virus vaccines, such as CoronaVac, which produced lower titers of neutralizing antibodies. and showed lower efficacy for specific groups such as the elderly and immunocompromised. We developed an impedimetric biosensor based on the immobilization of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant trimeric spike protein (S protein) on zinc oxide nanorod (ZnONR)-modified fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates for COVID-19 serology testing. Due to electrostatic interactions, the negatively charged S protein was immobilized via physical adsorption. The electrochemical response of the immunosensor was measured at each modification step and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques. We successfully evaluated the applicability of the modified ZnONR electrodes using serum samples from COVID-19 convalescent individuals, CoronaVac-vaccinated with or without positive results for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pre-pandemic samples from healthy volunteers as controls. ELISA for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was performed for comparison, and ELISA for IgG anti-RBDs of seasonal coronavirus (HCoVs) was used to test the specificity of immunosensor detection. No cross-reactivity with HCoVs was detected using the ZnONR immunosensor, and more interestingly, the sensor presented higher sensitivity when compared to negative ELISA results. The results demonstrate that the ZnONRs/spike-modified electrode displayed sensitive results for convalescents and vaccinated samples and shows excellent potential as a tool for the population’s assessment and monitoring of seroconversion and seroprevalence.

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“…A case-control study observed that the vaccine efficiency descended with increasing age among the elderly people (≥70 years) in Brazil(2021). Recently, a significant reduction in T-cell and antibody responses to inactivated coronavirus vaccination has been reported in people aged 55 years or older ( 58 ). With much attention that has been paid to the immune response of elderly people (≥60 years) after vaccination, the protection effectiveness of CoronaVac against SARS-CoV-2 in middle-aged people (50-59 years) deserves more attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum peptidome profiles immune response of COVID-19 Vaccine administration

Zhang

Li²,

Xu³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused significant loss of life and property. In response to the serious pandemic, recently developed vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been administrated to the public. Nevertheless, the research on human immunization response against COVID-19 vaccines is insufficient. Although much information associated with vaccine efficacy, safety and immunogenicity has been reported by pharmaceutical companies based on laboratory studies and clinical trials, vaccine evaluation needs to be extended further to better understand the effect of COVID-19 vaccines on human beings.MethodsWe performed a comparative peptidome analysis on serum samples from 95 participants collected at four time points before and after receiving CoronaVac. The collected serum samples were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to profile the serum peptides, and also subjected to humoral and cellular immune response analyses to obtain typical immunogenicity information.ResultsSignificant difference in serum peptidome profiles by MALDI-TOF MS was observed after vaccination. By supervised statistical analysis, a total of 13 serum MALDI-TOF MS feature peaks were obtained on day 28 and day 42 of vaccination. The feature peaks were identified as component C1q receptor, CD59 glycoprotein, mannose-binding protein C, platelet basic protein, CD99 antigen, Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, integral membrane protein 2B, platelet factor 4 and hemoglobin subunits. Combining with immunogenicity analysis, the study provided evidence for the humoral and cellular immune responses activated by CoronaVac. Furthermore, we found that it is possible to distinguish neutralizing antibody (NAbs)-positive from NAbs-negative individuals after complete vaccination using the serum peptidome profiles by MALDI-TOF MS together with machine learning methods, including random forest (RF), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), linear support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR).ConclusionsThe study shows the promise of MALDI-TOF MS-based serum peptidome analysis for the assessment of immune responses activated by COVID-19 vaccination, and discovered a panel of serum peptides biomarkers for COVID-19 vaccination and for NAbs generation. The method developed in this study can help not only in the development of new vaccines, but also in the post-marketing evaluation of developed vaccines.

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Reduced T Cell and Antibody Responses to Inactivated Coronavirus Vaccine Among Individuals Above 55 Years Old

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional observational study

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional observational study

Electrochemical Immunosensors Based on Zinc Oxide Nanorods for Detection of Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Convalescent and Vaccinated Individuals

Serum peptidome profiles immune response of COVID-19 Vaccine administration

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