Severe carotid atherosclerotic disease is responsible for 14% of all strokes,
which result in a high rate of morbidity and mortality. In recent years,
advances in clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases have resulted in a
significant decrease in mortality due to these causes.To review the main studies on carotid revascularization, evaluating the
relationship between risks and benefits of this procedure.The data reviewed show that, for a net benefit, carotid intervention should only
be performed in cases of a periprocedural risk of less than 6% in symptomatic
patients. The medical therapy significantly reduced the revascularization net
benefit ratio for stroke prevention in asymptomatic patients. Real life
registries indicate that carotid stenting is associated with a greater
periprocedural risk. The operator annual procedure volume and patient age has an
important influence in the rate of stroke and death after carotid stenting.
Symptomatic patients have a higher incidence of death and stroke after the
procedure. Revascularization has the greatest benefit in the first weeks of the
event.There is a discrepancy in the scientific literature about carotid
revascularization and/or clinical treatment, both in primary and secondary
prevention of patients with carotid artery injury. The identification of
patients who will really benefit is a dynamic process subject to constant
review.